Quality of Service and performance characterization of IPv6 relative to IPv4

DEDICATION

To the Almighty God

To my late father

To my dearest mother

To my appreciate Brothers

To my cousins

I dedicate this book.

KAYUMBA Fred

To the Almighty God

To my late family

To my appreciate family victims of genocide

To my adoptive families

I dedicate this book.

KAYUMBA Thierry

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Grateful acknowledgement is made to the following persons and organizations for their contribution to the success of this work.

Our sincere thanks go first and foremost to Mr. ASHRAPH Sulaiman and Miss. Marie Paule for having accepted to supervise this dissertation despite their enormous responsibilities. Without their guidance, support and advice, the completion of this dissertation would be a burden.

Sincere big thanks go to the following families: KAYUMBA Etienne, KAYUMBA Charles, family KAMANGO Théophile and family MUCUMANKIKO Silas for their education and love we have presently achieved.

Profound thanks go to my aunt late Caritas, my aunt UMUHOZA Epiphanie, MUREKEYISONI Zuena, HAKIZIMANA Louis, MUNYANEZA Achille, RWISUMBURA Eric and MATABARO Albert. [K. Fred]

Special thanks go to COUPALA, my little brother NYAGATARE M. Serge, my aunt MUKAKIREZI Joséphine, my cousin-sister TUNGA Claire, GRAINDORGE Céline, SAPHIR Paula Hélène, SANGWA Sylvie and African Evangelical Enterprise Rwanda who have been there when we need them and for their great affection. [K. Thierry]

We also thank our classmates and friends for their encouragement and support, whose assistance has not been ignored. The researchers also wish to pass special thanks to the Government of Rwanda, the National University of Rwanda, especially the Department of Computer Science that availed us skills for the accomplishment of this work.

KAYUMBA Fred & KAYUMBA Thierry

TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF FIGURES viii

LIST OF TABLES ix

ABSTRACT x

CHAPTER I: GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1

I.1 INTRODUCTION 1

I.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM 1

I.3 PROJET OBJECTIVES AND GOALS 2

I.4 HYPOTHESIS 2

I.5 INTEREST OF THE PROJECT 3

I.5.1 Personal Interest 3

I.5.2 Community Interest 3

I.6 PROJECT SCOPE 3

I.7 METHODOLOGY 4

I.8 ORGANIZATION OF THE STUDY 4

CHAPTER II: THEORETICAL CONCEPTS AND TERMINOLOGY 5

II.1 INTRODUCTION 5

II.2 TERMINOLOGY 5

II.2.1 Internet 5

II.2.2 WWW 6

II.2.3 Types of Nodes 6

II.2.4 Techniques Used in the Transition 6

II.2.5 Protocols 7

II.3 INTERNET PROTOCOL (IP) 8

II.3.1 IP Versions 8

II.4 IP ADDRESS 10

II.4.1 IPv6 address 10

II.4.2 IPv6 addressing notation 10

II.4.3 IPv6 prefixes notation 12

II.4.4 IPv6 address in Uniform Resource Locator (URL) 13

II.4.5 IPv6 types 13

II.4.6 Special addresses 14

II.4.7 IPv6 addresses with embedded IPv4 addresses 15

II.5 IP HEADER 17

II.5.1 IPv4 Header 17

II.5.2 IPv6 Header 18

II.5.3 Header Simplified 20

II.5.4 Comparison of IPv4 and IPv6 Headers 21

II.5.5 New Extension Headers 22

II.6 IPv6 CONNECTIVITY 23

II.7 ICMP 24

II.7.1 ICMPv6 24

II.8 UPPER-LAYER PROTOCOL 25

II.8.1 DHCPv6 25

II.8.2 IPv6 and the Domain Name System 25

II.9 IPv6 FEATURES 26

II.10 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN IPv4 AND IPv6 28

II.11 QUALITY OF SERVICE 29

CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY 30

III.1 INTRODUCTION 30

III.2 MIGRATION METHODOLOGY 30

III.3 STEPS IN MIGRATION METHODOLOGY 30

III.3.1 Determining Requirements 30

III.3.2 Understanding the existing system 31

III.3.3 Decision making 31

III.3.4 Testing 33

III.3.5 Deploying 34

III.3.6 Management 34

III.4 TRAINING 34

III.5 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF MIGRATION METHODOLOGY 35

III.5.1 Advantages of migration methodology 35

III.5.2 Disadvantages of migration methodology 35

III.6 TOOLS 35

III.6.1 Software Tools 35

III.6.2 Hardware 36

CHAPTER IV: QUALITY OF SERVICES, TEST AND ANALYSIS 37

IV.1 INTRODUCION 37

IV.2 NETWORK REQUIREMENTS 37

IV.2.1 Operating Systems 37

IV.2.2 Applications and Services 38

IV.3 ANALYSIS 38

IV.3.1 Bytes 39

IV.3.2 Bandwidth 39

IV.4 TECHNIQUES MECHANISM 40

IV.4.1 Dual Stack technique 40

IV.4.2 Tunneling technique 41

IV.5 TEST and ANALYSIS 42

IV.5.1 Ping Results of Network test lab 43

IV.5.2 Netwrok test lab Telnet results 45

IV.5.3 Network test lab Analysis 46

IV.5.4 Summary of Test 50

IV.6 TRAINING 51

IV.6.1 Install IPv6 on Windows XP 51

IV.6.2 Uninstall IPv6 on Windows XP 54

IV.6.3 Difference between an IPv4 and an IPv6 system with Windows XP 55

IV.6.4 IPv6 with Linux 57

IV.7 VERIFICATION OF HYPOTHESIS 58

CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 59

V.1 CONCLUSION 59

V.2 RECOMMENDATIONS 59

REFERENCES 61

APPENDIX 63