REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUES
1. ALBERT Honlonkou (1996), Analyse de la demande des
céréales au Benin. Période 1980-1993, CIRES,
Université d'Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire, Document de travail,
1996
2. BERTRAND et al, (1991), Pénurie de bois et
passage de l'autoconsommation à la commercialisation rurale et urbaine
du bois de feu dans le département de l'Atlantique au Bénin.
Sciences et techniques pour le développement/CIRAD/CTFT FSA/UNB, Centre
de recherches agronomique de l'Etat.
3. BIAOU C. Félix (1994), Analyse de la
commercialisation de la production du bois de feu par les paysans de
l'Atlantique Sud Bénin : Rapport présenté pour le projet
de plantations du bois de feu, MDR, 78p.
4. BRUCY Guy et RICHARDOT Sophie (2006-2007), Petit
guide à l'usage des étudiants pour l'élaboration et
l'écriture mémoire, Université de Picardie Jules Verne
(PDF Adobe-Reader).
5. CAROLYNE Barnes, TEAN Ensminger and PHIL O'Keefe
(1984), Energy, Environment and Development in Africa 6, Wood energy and
Households Perspectives on Rural Kenya.
6. Deaton A. et Muellbauer J; (1980),»An Almost
Ideal Demand System» Amer. Econ. Rev. 70 (1980), PP. 312-26.
7. DENNIS Anderson (1987), The economics of
Afforestation, A case study in Africa.
8. DENNIS Anderson et ROBERT Fishwich (1984),
Fuelwood Consumption and Deforestation in Africa countries.
9. ERICK Eckholm et al (1984), Fuelwood: The energy
crisis that won't go away.
10. E.Malinvaud (2001-2002), Substituabilite entre
demande de facteurs induits par les demandes de biens, INSEE-CREST.
11. MAMA J.V. (1991), Consommation du bois dans les
grandes agglomérations du Bénin. Rapport d'enquête ; Centre
National de Télédétection et de surveillance du couvert
forestier.
12. N'DA Paul (2002), Méthodologie de la
recherche de la problématique à la discussion des
résultats. Comment réaliser un mémoire, une thèse,
en science sociale et en éducation ? EDUCI (Edition Universitaire de
Côte d'ivoire).
13. PFEIFFER V. (1988) : Agriculture au Sud du
Bénin: Passé et perspective édit Harmattan
Paris
14. VAN Damme (1988), The Woodfuel and forestry
situation in Togo as experienced in the «Region des Savanes« in
`'Tropicultura» vol 6 n° 1.
ANNEXES
Annexes1 :
Tableau A 1:
Résultats de l'estimation du part de bois de feu
Dependent Variable: PARTBF
Method: Least Squares
Date: 05/18/12 Time: 11:58
Sample(adjusted): 1 187
Included observations: 22
Excluded observations: 165 after adjusting endpoints
|
Std.
|
|
|
Variable
|
Coefficient Error t-Statistic
|
Prob.
|
|
LOG(PRIBF)
|
-0.043588 0.081289 -0.536212
|
0.6048
|
|
LOG(PRICH)
|
-0.016141 0.069586 -0.231955
|
0.8218
|
|
LOG(PRIGA)
|
-0.727293 0.293100 -2.481383
|
0.0349
|
|
LOG(PRIPE)
|
0.944818 0.364141 2.594650
|
0.0290
|
|
LOG(DEPTO)
|
-0.068906 0.035290 -1.952552
|
0.0826
|
|
ENS
|
0.045792 0.013714 3.339053
|
0.0087
|
|
NAFRE
|
-0.091599 0.037871 -2.418724
|
0.0387
|
|
NIVP
|
0.003740 0.004372 0.855498
|
0.4145
|
|
NIVS
|
-0.038492 0.031973 -1.203905
|
0.2593
|
|
NIVSU
|
-0.043098 0.032287 -1.334809
|
0.2147
|
|
ACTPR
|
0.004746 0.004536 1.046223
|
0.3227
|
|
SEXE
|
-0.097219 0.041930 -2.318588
|
0.0456
|
|
AGE
|
6.18E-06 0.000855 0.007229
|
0.9944
|
|
R-squared
|
0.855288 Meandependent var
|
0.090592
|
|
Adjusted R-squared
|
0.662339 S.D. dependent var
|
0.061217
|
|
S.E. of regression
|
0.035572 Akaike info criterion
|
-3.546508
|
|
Sumsquaredresid
|
0.011388 Schwarz criterion
|
-2.901801
|
|
Log likelihood
|
52.01159 Durbin-Watson stat
|
2.983528
|
Tableau A 2:Résultats de
l'estimation du part de charbon
Dependent Variable: PARTCH
Method: Least Squares
Date: 05/18/12 Time: 12:06
Sample(adjusted): 1 199
Included observations: 187
Excluded observations: 12 after adjusting endpoints
|
Std.
|
|
|
Variable
|
Coefficient Error t-Statistic
|
Prob.
|
|
LOG(PRIBF)
|
0.016724 0.022874 0.731122
|
0.4657
|
|
LOG(PRICH)
|
-0.008566 0.021411 -0.400063
|
0.6896
|
|
LOG(PRIGA)
|
0.162076 0.153912 1.053042
|
0.2938
|
|
LOG(PRIPE)
|
-0.159188 0.173291 -0.918617
|
0.3596
|
|
LOG(DEPTO)
|
-0.005792 0.011492 -0.503990
|
0.6149
|
|
ENS
|
0.063252 0.008410 7.520800
|
0.0000
|
|
NAFRE
|
0.013452 0.012471 1.078668
|
0.2822
|
|
NIVP
|
-0.002931 0.005445 -0.538193
|
0.5911
|
|
NIVS
|
0.000583 0.011343 0.051373
|
0.9591
|
|
NIVSU
|
-0.024023 0.016057 -1.496097
|
0.1364
|
|
ACTPR
|
-0.000499 0.001478 -0.337860
|
0.7359
|
|
SEXE
|
0.006878 0.012730 0.540264
|
0.5897
|
|
AGE
|
-0.000478 0.000330 -1.449306
|
0.1491
|
|
R-squared
|
0.305523 Meandependent var
|
0.064471
|
|
Adjusted R-squared
|
0.257628 S.D. dependent var
|
0.063883
|
|
S.E. of regression
|
0.055042 Akaike info criterion
|
-2.894444
|
|
Sumsquaredresid
|
0.527161 Schwarz criterion
|
-2.669821
|
|
Log likelihood
|
283.6305 Durbin-Watson stat
|
2.098786
|
Tableau A 3:Résultats de
l'estimation du part de gaz
Dependent Variable: PARTGA
Method: Least Squares
Date: 05/18/12 Time: 12:08
Sample(adjusted): 3 199
Included observations: 74
Excluded observations: 123 after adjusting endpoints
|
Std.
|
|
|
Variable
|
Coefficient Error t-Statistic
|
Prob.
|
|
LOG(PRIBF)
|
-0.017006 0.015834 -1.073976
|
0.2871
|
|
LOG(PRICH)
|
-0.006472 0.012464 -0.519213
|
0.6055
|
|
LOG(PRIGA)
|
-0.071562 0.089755 -0.797298
|
0.4284
|
|
LOG(PRIPE)
|
0.088004 0.101661 0.865662
|
0.3901
|
|
LOG(DEPTO)
|
0.001575 0.011311 0.139206
|
0.8897
|
|
ENS
|
0.145686 0.008165 17.84267
|
0.0000
|
|
NAFRE
|
0.004794 0.023400 0.204880
|
0.8383
|
|
NIVP
|
0.002271 0.023729 0.095724
|
0.9241
|
|
NIVS
|
0.007973 0.023106 0.345053
|
0.7312
|
|
NIVSU
|
0.011656 0.023893 0.487852
|
0.6274
|
|
ACTPR
|
0.000310 0.001077 0.287798
|
0.7745
|
|
SEXE
|
-0.012630 0.007523 -1.678743
|
0.0983
|
|
AGE
|
-0.000235 0.000234 -1.006724
|
0.3180
|
|
R-squared
|
0.934419 Meandependent var
|
0.061731
|
|
Adjusted R-squared
|
0.921518 S.D. dependent var
|
0.075436
|
|
S.E. of regression
|
0.021133 Akaike info criterion
|
-4.717784
|
|
Sumsquaredresid
|
0.027243 Schwarz criterion
|
-4.313016
|
|
Log likelihood
|
187.5580 Durbin-Watson stat
|
1.527557
|
Tableau A 4:Résultats de l'estimation du
part de pétrole
Dependent Variable: PARTPE
Method: Least Squares
Date: 05/18/12 Time: 12:11
Sample(adjusted): 2 198
Included observations: 51
Excluded observations: 146 after adjusting endpoints
|
Std.
|
|
|
Variable
|
Coefficient Error t-Statistic
|
Prob.
|
|
LOG(PRIBF)
|
-0.028059
|
0.042573 -0.659078
|
0.5138
|
|
LOG(PRICH)
|
0.054138
|
0.044409 1.219086
|
0.2303
|
|
LOG(PRIGA)
|
0.063004
|
0.209425 0.300844
|
0.7652
|
|
LOG(PRIPE)
|
-0.088432
|
0.232519 -0.380321
|
0.7058
|
|
LOG(DEPTO)
|
0.004011
|
0.017651 0.227264
|
0.8214
|
|
ENS
|
0.121195
|
0.010424 11.62692
|
0.0000
|
|
NAFRE
|
0.030951
|
0.028787 1.075143
|
0.2891
|
|
NIVP
|
0.008385
|
0.030865 0.271663
|
0.7874
|
|
NIVS
|
0.007774
|
0.030054 0.258681
|
0.7973
|
|
NIVSU
|
0.023815
|
0.034185 0.696663
|
0.4903
|
|
ACTPR
|
0.002206
|
0.002007 1.099303
|
0.2786
|
|
SEXE
|
-0.010487
|
0.019596 -0.535149
|
0.5957
|
|
AGE
|
0.000279
|
0.000577 0.484369
|
0.6309
|
|
R-squared
|
0.832212
|
Meandependent var
|
0.069134
|
|
Adjusted R-squared
|
0.779226
|
S.D. dependent var
|
0.079517
|
|
S.E. of regression
|
0.037362
|
Akaike info criterion
|
-3.520754
|
|
Sumsquaredresid
|
0.053045
|
Schwarz criterion
|
-3.028328
|
|
Log likelihood
|
102.7792
|
Durbin-Watson stat
|
0.504246
|
Tableau A 5:Résultats des
estimations du part de bois de feu
Dependent Variable: PARTBF
Method: Least Squares
Date: 05/18/12 Time: 12:34
Sample(adjusted): 1 187
Included observations: 22
Excluded observations: 165 after adjusting endpoints
|
Std.
|
|
|
Variable
|
Coefficient Error t-Statistic
|
Prob.
|
|
LOG(PRIBF)
|
0.073525
|
0.060774 1.209813
|
0.2439
|
|
LOG(PRICH)
|
-0.103848
|
0.058081 -1.787967
|
0.0927
|
|
LOG(PRIGA)
|
-0.549447
|
0.305089 -1.800938
|
0.0906
|
|
LOG(PRIPE)
|
0.722263
|
0.370268 1.950651
|
0.0688
|
|
LOG(DEPTO)
|
-0.083494
|
0.034228 -2.439358
|
0.0267
|
|
ENS
|
0.046572
|
0.014667 3.175359
|
0.0059
|
|
R-squared
|
0.618657
|
Meandependent var
|
0.090592
|
|
Adjusted R-squared
|
0.499488
|
S.D. dependent var
|
0.061217
|
|
S.E. of regression
|
0.043309
|
Akaike info criterion
|
-3.213919
|
|
Sumsquaredresid
|
0.030010
|
Schwarz criterion
|
-2.916362
|
|
Log likelihood
|
41.35311
|
Durbin-Watson stat
|
2.802528
|
Tableau A 6:Résultats de
l'estimation du part de charbon
Dependent Variable: PARTCH
Method: Least Squares
Date: 05/18/12 Time: 12:35
Sample(adjusted): 1 199
Included observations: 187
Excluded observations: 12 after adjusting endpoints
|
Std.
|
|
|
Variable
|
Coefficient Error t-Statistic
|
Prob.
|
|
LOG(PRIBF)
|
0.021110
|
0.022587 0.934615
|
0.3512
|
|
LOG(PRICH)
|
-0.010329
|
0.021193 -0.487400
|
0.6266
|
|
LOG(PRIGA)
|
0.201015
|
0.151983 1.322611
|
0.1876
|
|
LOG(PRIPE)
|
-0.197331
|
0.171063 -1.153559
|
0.2502
|
|
LOG(DEPTO)
|
-0.009748
|
0.011088 -0.879078
|
0.3805
|
|
ENS
|
0.059793
|
0.008102 7.379602
|
0.0000
|
|
R-squared
|
0.276505
|
Meandependent var
|
0.064471
|
|
Adjusted R-squared
|
0.256519
|
S.D. dependent var
|
0.063883
|
|
S.E. of regression
|
0.055083
|
Akaike info criterion
|
-2.928375
|
|
Sumsquaredresid
|
0.549188
|
Schwarz criterion
|
-2.824703
|
|
Log likelihood
|
279.8031
|
Durbin-Watson stat
|
2.137777
|
Tableau A 7: Résultats de l'estimation du
part de gaz
Dependent Variable: PARTGA
Method: Least Squares
Date: 05/18/12 Time: 12:37
Sample(adjusted): 3 199
Included observations: 74
Excluded observations: 123 after adjusting endpoints
|
Std.
|
|
|
Variable
|
Coefficient Error t-Statistic
|
Prob.
|
|
LOG(PRIBF)
|
-0.010780
|
0.013611 -0.792002
|
0.4311
|
|
LOG(PRICH)
|
-0.006185
|
0.010944 -0.565125
|
0.5738
|
|
LOG(PRIGA)
|
-0.028170
|
0.085417 -0.329791
|
0.7426
|
|
LOG(PRIPE)
|
0.024025
|
0.095797 0.250792
|
0.8027
|
|
LOG(DEPTO)
|
0.007958
|
0.010273 0.774688
|
0.4412
|
|
ENS
|
0.147284
|
0.007384 19.94665
|
0.0000
|
|
R-squared
|
0.928189
|
Meandependent var
|
0.061731
|
|
Adjusted R-squared
|
0.922909
|
S.D. dependent var
|
0.075436
|
|
S.E. of regression
|
0.020945
|
Akaike info criterion
|
-4.816226
|
|
Sumsquaredresid
|
0.029831
|
Schwarz criterion
|
-4.629410
|
|
Log likelihood
|
184.2004
|
Durbin-Watson stat
|
1.619045
|
Tableau A 8:Résultats de
l'estimation du part de pétrole
Dependent Variable: PARTPE
Method: Least Squares
Date: 05/18/12 Time: 12:38
Sample(adjusted): 2 198
Included observations: 51
Excluded observations: 146 after adjusting endpoints
|
Std.
|
|
|
Variable
|
Coefficient Error t-Statistic
|
Prob.
|
|
LOG(PRIBF)
|
-0.044548
|
0.036250 -1.228917
|
0.2255
|
|
LOG(PRICH)
|
0.064586
|
0.038305 1.686113
|
0.0987
|
|
LOG(PRIGA)
|
0.025965
|
0.189708 0.136870
|
0.8917
|
|
LOG(PRIPE)
|
-0.033258
|
0.210145 -0.158264
|
0.8750
|
|
LOG(DEPTO)
|
0.000515
|
0.015498 0.033207
|
0.9737
|
|
ENS
|
0.126594
|
0.009480 13.35406
|
0.0000
|
|
R-squared
|
0.807114
|
Meandependent var
|
0.069134
|
|
Adjusted R-squared
|
0.785682
|
S.D. dependent var
|
0.079517
|
|
S.E. of regression
|
0.036812
|
Akaike info criterion
|
-3.655863
|
|
Sumsquaredresid
|
0.060980
|
Schwarz criterion
|
-3.428589
|
|
Log likelihood
|
99.22450
|
Durbin-Watson stat
|
0.492891
|
| 
