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Impact of foreign aid on rwanda's socio-economic development as guided by Millennium Development Goal (MDG) 1 “Eradication of extreme poverty and hunger”:case of Gasabo District

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par Claire Marie Michele MUKARUTESI
Women's university in Africa - Master of science in development studies degree (MDS) 2011
  

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1.8 Delimitation of the Study

In terms of peripheral guides, the study was confined to Gasabo, a district (akarere) of Kigali City, Rwanda. Its capital is Ndera, a village on the outskirts of the Kigali urban area. The district also includes large areas of the city itself, including Kacyiru, Kimihurura, Remera and Kimironko. The district occupies the northern half of Kigali province, which had its boundaries extended under local government re-organization in 2006 (MINALOC, 2006). Gasabo includes major suburbs of Kigali, sections of a ring of hills which surround the city, and some villages to the north and east of those. Rwanda's wealthiest area, Nyarutarama is also in the district, as are the Offices of the President (in Kacyiru) and most of the ministries.

Gasabo district is divided into 15 sectors (imirenge): Bumbogo, Gatsata, Jali, Gikomero, Gisozi, Jabana, Kinyinya, Ndera, Nduba, Rusororo, Rutunga, Kacyiru, Kimihurura, Kimironko and Remera. As such, the results and findings obtained shall be perceived as representative and generalisable too, to other districts not studied Donor activities in all these areas will be explored. Both males and females constituted the respondents in this particular study. The study of aid in the context of hunger and poverty is broad. Conceptually, this study is confined to the study of aid, poverty and development politics. It entails defining foreign aid, poverty and development within the context of MDGs. It entails exploring the complex dynamics and the politics of aid in general and in the localized context of Gasabo, Rwanda.

It entails evaluating, competing perceptions of various actors in the politics of aid and what may be said to constitute aid theory. The timeframe in which the study is confined is 2000 to 2009. Spatially, the study is limited to Gasabo District of Rwanda although literature will cover Sub-Saharan Africa and beyond.

1.9 Limitations of the study

During the course of the study, the researcher experienced a number of drawbacks which included lack of cooperation from respondents, time inadequacy and financial constraints in meeting the budgetary requirements of the study. However, efforts were made to address the constraints. The first constraint was purely logistical. Given that the study was self-funded; the researcher is faced serious challenges of financing travel to Rwanda for data collection as well as financing the training of 10 assistant field researchers.

The second major constraint was the methodological limitation. Given that the study is based on a case study approach, it follows that it inevitably exhibits the limitations of the method. Critics of the case study believe that the study of a small number of cases can offer no grounds for establishing reliability or generalizability of findings. This point is valid when one considers that given the sensitive nature of the research some key informants within the donor community and government offices may deny the researcher access to important documents or information and this will lead to information asymmetry. In light of this, others declined to be interviewed. Thirdly, time factor was a limiting constraint. The fact that the researcher is a mother, student and employee made it difficult for her to rationalise the demands of these roles.

Also related to time was timing. The fact that the research study took place against the background of genocide and genocide trials meant that the subjects of research study were in different emotional states, so much that they could easily provide or offer a political interpretation to the study. In this case chances were that some sensitive members were not forthcoming and forthright with their answers as expected. Such a background threatened the validity of the outcome.

However, to overcome the above limitations there was need for careful planning ahead of time. The planning should take into account use of different data collection techniques such as direct observation, in-depth interviews, questionnaires and focus group discussions in order to improve the validity of data through methodological triangulation. Communication with interviewees and questionnaire respondents should be done on time in order to facilitate meetings. Besides, prior awareness of these limitations should invoke constant sensitivity to their possibility so that due care is constantly enforced.

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