V.3- Preliminary data analysis
In this section, we are going to talk about descriptive
statistics and correlation analysis.
V.3.1- Descriptive statistics
The descriptive statistics for the variables and indicators used
in the research are presented in table 8.
60
Analysis of microfinances' performance and
development of informal institutions in Cameroon
By Djamaman Brice Gaétan
Table 8: descriptive statistics
|
ROA
|
ROE
|
OSS
|
AL
|
CFIR
|
CFGR
|
TA
|
COA
|
HLRA
|
FD
|
GL
|
|
N
|
45
|
45
|
45
|
45
|
44
|
45
|
45
|
45
|
45
|
45
|
45
|
|
Mean
|
1.08
|
17.29
|
124.36
|
7.44
|
0.84
|
11.56
|
159667.00
|
108.22
|
30.75
|
17245.30
|
56514.30
|
|
Std dev
|
8.87
|
50.98
|
101.30
|
48.72
|
21.46
|
40.89
|
1055060.0
0
|
79.08
|
113.68
|
104153.0
0
|
372536.0
0
|
|
Coef. of var in%
|
824.00
|
294.79
|
81.45
|
654.87
|
2552.20
|
353.84
|
660.79
|
73.07
|
369.71
|
603.95
|
659.19
|
|
Min
|
-31.12
|
-130.77
|
-3.54
|
0
|
-85
|
-85
|
20
|
-50
|
-500
|
0
|
5
|
|
Max
|
35
|
227.27
|
434.3
|
327
|
62
|
218
|
7.08E+06
|
358.3
|
500
|
700000
|
2.50E+06
|
|
Range
|
66.12
|
358.04
|
437.84
|
327
|
147
|
303
|
7.08E+06
|
408.3
|
1000
|
700000
|
2.50E+06
|
|
Std. skew
|
-0.01
|
4.11
|
3.37
|
18.37
|
-4.36
|
8.95
|
18.37
|
3.49
|
-1.93
|
18.34
|
18.37
|
|
Std. kurt
|
10.76
|
10.94
|
1.91
|
61.61
|
12.62
|
21.80
|
61.62
|
2.50
|
22.97
|
61.47
|
61.62
|
This table shows the summary statistics of each of the
selected data variables. It includes measures of central tendency, measures of
variability, and measures of shape. Of particular interest here are the
standardized skewness and standardized kurtosis, which can be used to determine
whether the sample comes from a normal distribution. Values of these statistics
outside the range of -2 to +2 indicate significant departures from normality,
which would tend to invalidate many of the statistical procedures normally
applied to this data. In this case, the following variables show standardized
skewness values outside the expected range: ROE, OSS, AL, CFIR, CFGR, TA, COA,
FD, GL
The following variables show standardized kurtosis values
outside the expected range: ROA, ROE, AL, CFIR, CFGR, TA, COA, FD, GL
V.3.2- Correlation analysis
A correlation coefficient measures the linear relationship
between two variables that does not depend on the unit of variables of
measurement. Table 9 shows the correlation between the selected variables and
indicators used in the research.
Firstly there is a low correlation among the financial
performance variables (cross correlations), two coefficients are positive and
relatively low whereas another is negative. Further we can observe the same
trend between the FP variables and other indicators. This means
61
Analysis of microfinances' performance and
development of informal institutions in Cameroon
By Djamaman Brice Gaétan
that there is a relatively low link among the variables
(sometimes this link is negative and sometimes it is positive).
Secondly, concerning social performance, the cross correlation
among variable illustrates that the relationships exist among the variables and
these links are relatively low, sometimes positive and sometimes negative. The
general trend between the social performance indicators and another variable
presents relatively low correlations (positive or negative). However we can
observe some cases of perfect relationships between social performance and
informal sector variables. Meaning that the knowledge of one variable gives us
the value of other variables (example: Average Loan /GDP per capita and fixed
deposits).The cross correlation between the informal sector variables is
perfectly positive, meaning that there is a positive and linear relationship
between the variables. However, it is important to notice that the correlations
are significant at 0.01level (2 tailed) and 0.05 level (2 tailed).
Table 9: correlation coefficients
|
ROA
|
ROE
|
OSS
|
AL
|
CFIR
|
CFGR
|
TA
|
COA
|
HLAR
|
FD
|
GL
|
|
Financial performance
|
|
ROA
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ROE
|
0.045
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
OSS
|
0.245
|
-0.077
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Social performance
|
|
AL
|
-0.551**
|
0.132
|
-0.098
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CFIR
|
0.040
|
0.172
|
0.063
|
-0.006
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CFGR
|
0.027
|
0.207
|
0.054
|
-0.043
|
0.632**
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Controllable variables
|
|
TA
|
-0.553**
|
0.132
|
-0.097
|
1.000
|
-0.006
|
-0.043
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
|
COA
|
-0.401**
|
-0.035
|
-0.356*
|
0.057
|
-0.113
|
-0.080
|
0.057
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
HLAR
|
0.045
|
0.002
|
-0.012
|
-0.041
|
0.037
|
0.023
|
-0.041
|
-0.140
|
1
|
|
|
|
Informal sector
|
|
FD
|
-0.553**
|
0.126
|
-0.083
|
1.000**
|
-0.005
|
-0.043
|
1.000**
|
0.054
|
-0.041
|
1
|
|
|
GL
|
-0.553**
|
0.132
|
-0.098
|
1.000**
|
-0.006
|
-0.043
|
1.000**
|
0.057
|
-0.041
|
1.000**
|
1
|
62
Analysis of microfinances' performance and
development of informal institutions in Cameroon
By Djamaman Brice Gaétan
**Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed);
*Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed)
This table shows Pearson products of correlation moments between
each pair of variables. These correlation coefficients range between -1 and +1
and measure the strength of the linear relationship between the variables.
| 
