2.1.3. IMAGE
SEGMENTATION
Image segmentation is the material in the previous section
2.1.2 began a transition from an image processing methods whose input and
output are images, to methods in which the input are images, but the outputs
are attributes extracted from those images. Segmentation is another major step
in that direction.
Image segmentation algorithms general are based on two basic
properties of intensity values: discontinuities and similarity. In the first
category, the approach is to partition an image based on abrupt changes in
intensity, such as edges in an image.
The principle approach in second category is based on
partitioning an image into regions that are similar according to a set of
predefined criteria.
Thresholding, region growing, and region splitting and merging
are examples of methods in this category.
2.1.4. IMAGE
REPRESENTATION
An image is stored as a matrix using standard Matlab matrix
conventions. There are five basic types of images supported by Matlab:
Indexed images
Intensity images
Binary images
RGB images
8-bit images
2.2 DIGITAL COMPUTER
2.2.1. DEFINITION OF
DIGITAL COMPUTER
A digital computer is a combination of digital devices and
circuits that can perform a programmed sequence of operations with a minimum of
human intervention.
The sequence of operations is called a program.
The program is a set of coded instruction that is stored in
the computer's internal memory along with all of the data that the program
requires.
When the computer is commanded to execute the program, it
performs the instructions in the order that they are stored in memory until the
program is completed.
It does his at extremely high speed
2.2.2. WORKING OF
COMPUTERS.
Computers do not think, the computer programmer provides a
program of instruction and data that specifies very detail of what to do, what
to do it to, and when to do it.
The computer is simply a high-speed machine that can
manipulate data, solve problems, and make decision, all under the control of
the program.
If a programmer makes a mistake in the program or puts in the
wrong data, the computer will produce wrong results. A popular saying in the
computer field is garbage in/garbage out.
2.3. INTRODUCTION TO
CAMERAS.
2.3.0. FILM CAMERAS
Film cameras are the cameras whose use films in recording images
as photographs or as a moving picture.
ELEMENTS OF FILM CAMERAS
A still film camera is made of three basic elements: an optical
element (the lens), a chemical element (the film) and a mechanical element (the
camera body itself). As we'll see, the only trick to photography is calibrating
and combining these elements in such a way that they record a crisp,
recognizable image.
There are many different ways of bringing everything together. In
this article, we'll look at a manual single-lens-reflex (SLR)
camera. This is a camera where the photographer sees exactly the same image
that is exposed to the film and can adjust everything by turning dials and
clicking buttons. Since it doesn't need any electricity to take a picture, a
manual SLR camera provides an excellent illustration of the fundamental
processes of photography.
The optical component of the camera is the lens.
At its simplest, a lens is just a curved piece of glass or plastic. Its job is
to take the beams of light bouncing off of an object and redirect them so they
come together to form a real image an image that looks just
like the scene in front of the lens.
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