3. 3 Area of the study
This research was conducted at Kabuga High School located in
Kigali city, Gasabo District. Kabuga High School was chosen because it is one
of the schools that experience a serious problem of trauma among students.
3. 4 Population
The study involved teachers and student of A level. Students
in upper secondary school level, were chosen because they are they are the ones
who usually experience trauma problem due to the fact that they witnessed
massacring of their relatives during the 1994 genocide and war. (table one
shows the detail)
3. 5 Sample size and sampling techniques
According to Kakinda (2000), cited by Ndokoye, P. (2007), the
sample size is the portion of population which represents the total population
under study and if the sample is properly selected, the information collected
can be used to make statements on the whole population. The sample size was 86,
77 students and 9 teachers who were all selected using simple random sampling
technique. 10% of the students in each class (S4, S5, and S6) were chosen.
Likewise, 20% of the teachers in the school was chosen and the tables 1 and 2
below give the details of how the sample size was selected.
Table 1: Sample of the students
|
Class
|
Option
|
Number of
students
|
Sample of 10%
|
Approximate sample
|
|
S4
|
COGE Anglo
|
48
|
4.8
|
5
|
|
COGE Franco A
|
68
|
6.8
|
7
|
|
COGE Franco B
|
65
|
6.5
|
7
|
|
SH Anglo
|
43
|
4.3
|
4
|
|
SH Franco
|
80
|
8.0
|
8
|
|
S5
|
COGE Anglo
|
28
|
2.8
|
3
|
|
COGE Franco
|
24
|
2.4
|
2
|
|
SH Anglo
|
27
|
2.7
|
3
|
|
SH Franco
|
29
|
2.9
|
3
|
|
S6
|
COGE Anglo
|
52
|
5.2
|
5
|
|
COGE Franc A
|
67
|
6.7
|
8
|
|
COGE Franco B
|
67
|
6.7
|
7
|
|
SH Anglo
|
62
|
6.2
|
7
|
|
SH Franco
|
78
|
7.8
|
8
|
|
Total
|
738
|
|
77
|
Table 2: Sample of the teachers and other school
staff
|
Number of teachers and other school staff
|
Sample of 20%
|
Approximate number
|
|
46
|
9,2
|
9
|
3. 6 Validity and reliability of instrument
According to Yin quoted by Suubi S.P. (2003), validity and
reliability are important measures in judging the quality of any research
including our study.
The validity and reliability of the questionnaire was asserted
when the researcher chosen a small group of students, who were given the
questionnaires to fill in before giving to the real study sample size. This was
done to find out errors in the questionnaires and questions that were not clear
hence ascertaining the validity and reliability of the instrument.
3. 7 Data processing
According to Ndokoye, P. (2007), data processing deals with
organization of collected data into meaningful and understandable way. It
involves coding, editing, tabulation and then analysis of collected data.
Therefore the researcher followed the following steps.
3. 7. 1 Editing
The researcher recognized and eliminated some errors that were
made during the completion of questionnaire that was dealt with completeness,
accuracy and consistency that was shown in responding questions in
questionnaires.
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