3.2 Courtesy
The courtesy makes possible the mutual safeguarding of the
faces threatened by the majority of the acts of language. The concept of
courtesy of which it is a question here goes beyond the traditional formulas.
It takes into account the whole of the components of the speech controls by
rules, and which have as a function to make possible the harmonious character
of the relation interpersonal. In the political speech, mainly characterized by
logics of domination, the concept of courtesy takes all its place, in what it
takes part to create the conditions of a harmonious exchange, while playing in
particular on the face of the audience. By there, the courtesy takes part of
the tempting aiming, in what it puts the addressee in a provision more
favorable compared to the transmitted message.
We distinguish two forms from courtesy : positive
courtesy and negative courtesy.
3.2.1 Positive
courtesy :
The positive courtesy is of nature productionnist: it consists
in carrying out an act of developing language: gift or compliment, mark of
agreement, invitation etc Raise of the positive courtesy the acts which are
intrinsically developing. The positive courtesy primarily takes support on F.
It is mainly made up of the acts of courtesy.
3.2.1.1 Marks of
courtesy
In the Declaration of general policy of the Prime Minister
Idrissa Seck, the marks of courtesy are made up, inter alia, by the honorary
ones, thanks, demonstrations of agreement, compliments, invitations etc
ü The
honorary ones :
The honorary ones are « grammaticalized
forms » of respect. They take part to develop the positive face of
the addressees by referring to their row. They are very present in the
Declaration of general policy in the sense that that- Ci is an exchange between
the Executive and the Legislature. Consequently, it is of good tone that in its
speech, the PM expresses all the importance of the representatives of the
people. Moreover, it in is devoted, by the rules of use, to leave discursive
marks of the addressees. In his Declaration of general policy, the recipient
first of the message, namely the deputies, are named 31 times. With 29
recoveries, their row is magnifié by the qualifier
« honourable ». This qualifier takes part to raise the row
of the elected officials of the people by developing their positive face.
ü
Compliments :
In prolongation of the honorary marks, the compliments take
part to develop the face of the direct or indirect recipients. Being the direct
recipients (deputies), we have the nominal group « honoured
medium » which is coupled for them ; for the indirect
recipients, we have all the terms which tend to highlight the importance of
their statute, to stress their statute in order to flatter their ego. It is
initially the people as an abstract and total entity which will be
glorifié by the use of the adjective « Sovereign »,
used to indicate it. Then, almost each segment of the people will receive, on
behalf of the Prime Minister, his amount of compliment.
Speaking about the men of culture, the Prime Minister will
make these remarks :
I greet by this skew the creativity of our men and society
women of arts and the culture. Their contribution to the development as much as
with the radiation of our country deserves our respect. I will quote among so
many others Moussa Absa Senna, Alphonse Mendy says T.T. Fons and Moussa
Mboup....By means of their genius and of their solid anchoring in our
traditions and culture, they carved us two compatriots that all the Senegaleses
know. (Seck 2003 : 5)
Handicapped people, he will say to us that
« priceless treasures are hidden » near them. The
compliment will be raised by the evocation of legendary figures whose handicap
did not know to slow down the genius or combativeness : Soundiata
Kéita and Beethoven.
Soldiers also will be entitled to a wink :
Allow me to again say my pride and my recognition to the
thousand of soldiers and forty officers engaged at present between the Republic
of Congo and the Republic sister of ivory Coast in the line tradition of the 59
missions of maintenance of the peaces led by our forces armed in 28
countries.... These distant compatriots who left the heart to the house without
never neglecting to return visit regularly and to share the benefits collected
elsewhere. (Seck 2003 : 26)
The Head of the State, as for him is often is named maybe
by eulogistic periphrases:
that which, in turn object of criticism and subject of
fascination, test after test, failure after failure, stake after stake,
awaited, with endurance, without never losing enthusiasm, the advent of the
change, March 19, 2000. (Seck 2003 : 5),
maybe by his report/ratio with its achievements or
project : « The construction schedule of young spaces, expensive
with the President of the Republic »
ü Thanks
The thanks are present in the Declaration of general policy of
the Prime Minister Idrissa Seck. They obey rules of uses and are located at
starts speech and :
In happiness and be thanked. My congratulations and thanks are
also addressed to those which preceded me in this function. (Seck
2003 : 5)
and with its fence, by the usual formula : « I
thank you » (Newspaper of the debates, op.cit. : 28)
ü The invitation
The invitation takes part of this positive courtesy which
makes it possible that which proposes it, to develop that that it invites.
Addressing to the members of the civil company, the Prime
Minister explains :
It is a question of giving them the direct access to my
Government. My door will be thus always open for them for the exchange and
information. I hope on them all to establish a strong and bidirectional bond
between the Government and the populations. (Seck 2003 : 9)
With the members of the families of the victims of the
boat Joola :
Surrounded of the Ministers in charge with Justice, the
Interior, Finances and National Solidarity, I will invite the representatives
of the families of the victims to an exchange on the compensation. (Seck
2003 : 7)
In the same way, speaking to the deputies about the figures
enough alarming about education, the Prime Minister say : « I
thus invite you to a dialog, in order to find, together, the means of reversing
these figures » (Seck 2003 : 5).
ü Demonstrations of agreement
In accordance with its participative step and in order to put
at ease its interlocutors with the aim of support the agreement even
complicity, the Prime Minister lets show through of marks of agreement between
him and its interlocutors. Thus, speaking about the program of the program
which it proposes, the PM declares :
The program around of which must organize this mobilization
and this communication is yours as much that that of the Government. (Seck
2003 : 9)
And in connection with the social request :
I know, Honorables deputies, that you will take care with us
to amplify, by his optimal allowance, the satisfaction of the social request.
(Seck 2003 : 14)
The demonstrations dd `agreement make it possible to imply the
interlocutor, it responsabiliser and to make more delicate the demonstration of
a dissension on a subject whose consensus is asserted.
But beside the positive courtesy, another form of courtesy
known as negative remains.
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