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E-commerce capabilities assessment: -security of e-payment systems- case of the democratic republic of congo

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par Espérant Ngongo Mbuli
University of Walles - Master in Advanced information technology and Business Management 2013
  

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II.3.1. B2C e-commerce

It is an e-commerce between a company and its customers (Paul Beynon-Davies, 2002). Turban et al. (2008) and Kenneth C. Laudon and Jane P. Laudon (2006) also describe B2C e-commerce as retailing transaction of goods or services from a business to individual shoppers.

In this category of e-commerce, customers are using ICT capabilities to buy goods and/or services from businesses and making payment online without intermediary.

This kind of e-commerce is the most suitable to the less developed countries because of its ease of implementation. In fact, in this e-commerce model the infrastructure is not so sophisticated like for the B2B e-commerce which requires advanced technology for the interaction among business partners.

In this model, customer needs just internet connectivity and web browser (special program to read web page) to participate to e-commerce transactions.

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II.3.2. B2B e-commerce

As it is cleared described in the designation, B2B e-commerce involves participation of businesses or organizations in the e-commerce transaction.

Turban & al. (2008: p219) defines B2B e-commerce as «transactions between businesses conducted electronically over the internet, extranets, intranets, or private networks».

This definition shows implication of advanced technologies which are used in the B2B e-commerce to support and operate transactions among businesses.

II.3.3. C e-commerce

C e-commerce is the form of e-commerce where participants to electronic transactions are individuals, not businesses.

It is «e-commerce model in which consumers sell directly to other consumers» (Turban et al. 2008, p400).

Because consumers can't have their own infrastructure to implement a particular e-commerce infrastructure, this form of e-commerce in conducted using auctions which are implemented by specialized intermediaries.

Figure 1: form of e-commerce

Source Paul Beynon-Davies (2002, p 487)

II.4. Page | 12

Mobile Commerce (M-commerce)

The definitions of e-commerce given in previous sections stated the use of ICT to conduct commercial transaction; these technologies use fixed computer or network access terminal.

Turban et al. (2008, p431) defines Mobile commerce as «any business activity conducted via wireless telecommunications network. This includes B2C and B2B commercial transaction as well as the transfer of information and services via wireless mobile devices».

The advert of Smartphones with full keyboard capabilities and web browser application, coupled to the new standards of broadband mobile telecommunication (3G and 4G) which offer large bandwidth on handheld equipments make the technology mature to conduct business online with mobility.

II.5. E-commerce capabilities overview

Technology plays a major role in the development of the e-commerce. However, regarding the nature of the e-commerce activity, many other capabilities must be considered for the development of e-commerce.

To better understand capabilities concept in e-commerce it is good to have a clear understanding of e-commerce framework as described in the figure below.

Fig 2. E-commerce framework. Source Turban et al. (2008, p7)

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In this framework the e-commerce is represented like a building with three main components:

- Roof: represents the e-commerce applications

- Walls: which sustain applications represent all support services for the e-commerce

- Foundation: represents the e-commerce infrastructure.

All these capabilities must be managed and governed in a best way for a successful e-commerce development.

For the context of this study, payment systems can be included in the IT capabilities for the nature of the infrastructure used for the payment systems. Their importance for e-commerce development motivates the choice of studying it as particular capability because it is a vital part of the e-commerce infrastructure.

II.6. Information system capabilities II.6.1. Introduction

This section will present definitions of capabilities and resources which are two concepts which will be used in this work regarding capabilities.

Day (1994) and Grant (1996) cited by Abhay N. Misha and Ritu Argarwal (2010) define capabilities as «firms capabilities, skills, and accumulated knowledge that enable it to repeatedly perform task that create value».

It emerges from this definition the concept of resource which includes «all assets, capabilities, organizational process, attributes, information knowledge, etc, controlled by a firm that enable the firm to conceive and implement strategies that improve its efficiency and effectiveness (Draft 1983)» (Barney 1991,p101) cited by Aurelio Raverini (2010).

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