INTRODUCTION
General context
On June 27, 2007 at the inauguration of Roissy 3, President
Nicolas Sarkozy gave a speech in which he places a clear message: "the state
can do without having a vision and strategy for the region economically most
powerful in Europe, which generates 28% of the national wealth of our country?
I do not think so. The president therefore wishes to mobilize the various
jurisdictions to define a development plan for the Ile-de-France.
On 1 December 2009, by 299 votes against 216 MPs adopted the
bill on the Greater Paris1, this law has resulted in the creation of
a League of Greater Paris (its mission is to build a metro system around
Paris). This law has marked the real start of construction of this project.
Indeed this can be taken as a good example of government
expenditure. In France, public investments are done by three institutions:
Central administration (the state itself), local collectivities (regions,
departments, cities), and health care security. These three administrations
realized investment expenses as schools, hospitals, airports, or roads in order
to provide or improve to the citizens. This approach is considered as part of
the Keynesian in order to reflate the economy of the country (by creating some
works, and facilitating the economic environment because of the new
construction). The French governments have since the 50's always used these
economic theories in order to grow the GDP during «les 30
glorieuses», or to maintain a growth during les «20 piteuses»
since the 80's. One of the main purpose of these investments is to promote the
business of the companies.
One more time, through the Grand Paris project, the French
government uses the Keynesian theory in order to improve the French economic
competitiveness. Indeed, the French government wants to renovate the
infrastructures of Paris Ile-de France region. To do so, on September 17, 2007
President Sarkozy called ten agencies Architecture and urban development will
be assigned to work on the overall development of Greater Paris. They have been
asked to think of the new Paris in terms of architecture, economics (green
business), and infrastructures (public transports), in order to have a
megalopolis ready to compete with the others main cities in the world (New York
City, London, Tokyo, Beijing or Sidney). Ten architecture agencies have
answered to this demand, each proposing a project to the region.
To analyze this topic, we will use the following problematic:
How would this Grand Paris poject
generate an economic growth? How a public
investment can promote the trade of Francilienne crosses
to the ten studies made? What are the tools which will permit to
generate an economic growth? What aspects have been forgotten in the Grand
Paris project plan?
Indeed it will be interesting to analyze beside the political
speech, what could the Greater Paris project brings to the Paris Ile de France
economy.
To analyze this question, we will first understand what the
actual situation of the agglomeration is; in a second time we will analyze why
the Greater Paris is essential for the future of the region; in a third time
will analyze in which sense such a project can create an economic growth; in a
fourth time we will analyze the different projects proposed; and to finish we
will analyze our research with a qualitative approach.
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