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Teilhard de Chardin and Senghor on the civilization of the universal

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par Denis Ghislain MBESSA
Université de Yaoundé 1 - Maitrise en philosophie 2007
  

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II.1.2. The Negro-African Race

Senghor's humanism is based on the contribution of the Negro-African race to the building up of the Civilization of the Universal. Africa thus occupies an important place and it has an important role to play in this process of totalisation of mankind. Later on in our work, we shall consider with Senghor that which is the Negro-African contribution to the Civilization of the Universal. Senghor's humanism is based on the Négritude movement, the exaltation of the black race, the expression of the African personality. In our evaluation, we shall consider Négritude as humanism.

II.1.3. The Effects of Colonisation

Several years after the colonial period in black Africa, one can tempt to draw up the cultural relation balance between the two continents: European and African. Were there cultural exchanges strictly speaking? In order to have a real reciprocal cultural exchange, a certain equality is necessary in the relations between two continents. However, the colonisers considered the colonised like primitives, uncultivated and incapable to have a civilization of their own. This is what Ferdinand CHINDJI-KOULEU deplores in the following words:

L'Europe de toute façon ne voyait pas ce que l'Afrique noire pouvait lui apporter dans le domaine de la culture. Quel profit pouvait-elle tirer des traditions orales négro-africaines ? Il a fallu attendre, Picasso pour reconnaître la valeur de l'art-nègre. Même aujourd'hui où l'on ne cesse de nous casser le tympan avec la coopération culturelle, la musique négro-africaine, pour arriver en Europe, doit passer par les Amériques. Le raisonnement des Européens est fort simple : nous avons colonisé, construit et instruit ce peuple démuni. Que peut-il nous donner en retour ? Certainement pas son folklore païen avec sa musique monotone ou son art « grotesque » et sensuel. Et c'est ainsi qu'on arrive à fermer la porte à des valeurs nouvelles. Il est évident que le fait de reconnaître du positif dans la culture négro-africaine aurait contribué à détruire certains arguments culturels et moraux de la colonisation.44(*)

Senghor will endeavour to present the bad effects of colonisation on the African culture. In effect, colonisation has helped in the loss of most of our African traditional values and has helped in the formation of a split personality in many Africans. Senghor calls for a revalorization of our traditional and cultural values since the African contribution to the building up of the Civilization of the Universal is above all based on his cultural values.

* 44 Ferdinand Chindji-Kouleu, Négritude, Philosophie et Mondialisation, Yaoundé, 2001, p. 196.

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