I.3.2. A step towards
union.......................................................................................33
I.3.3. A reliable
hypothesis.......................................................................................34
I.3.4. The value and significance of human
totalisation.................................35
CONCLUSION........................................................38
CHAPTER TWO
TEILHARD DE CHARDIN ADOPTED AND ADAPTED
BY SENGHOR..................................................39
INTRODUCTION....................................40
II.1. The foundations of Senghor's Civilization of the
Universal........................41
II.1.1. The complementarity of human
races.............................................41
II.1.2. The Negro-African
race..............................................................42
II.1.3. The effects of
colonisation...........................................................42
II.2. Senghor's African
Socialism........................................................44
II.2.1. An Inventory of
Traditional Values...............................................44
II.2.2. An Inventory of Western
Civilization and its impacts on Africa..............44
II.2.2.1. The Inferiority Complex in the
African........................................45
II.2.2.2. The Split of
Personality...........................................................46
II.2.3. An Inventory of our African
Resources..........................................46
II.3. The Negro-African vision of the
world..........................................48
II.3.1. The Concept of
Being....................................................................48
II.3.2. The
Concept of
Nature...............................................................50
II.3.3. The concept of
World................................................................51
II.3.4. The Concept of
God......................................................................52
II.3.5. The Concept of
Man.................................................................52
II.3.6. The Concept of
Time................................................................53
II.3.7. African and Teilhardian
views.....................................................54
II.4. The Negro-African role and contribution to the
Civilization..............56
II.4.1. Senghor's ideal
society............................................................56
II.4.2. The Communal
Dimension of Love in Africa..................................59
II.4.3. Africa and
Civilization............................................................61
II.4.4. Africa and
Sciences.................................................................61
II.4.5. Africa and
Art.......................................................................65
II.4.6. Africa and
Religion................................................................67
II.4.7. Africa and
Philosophy.............................................................69
CONCLUSION......................................................74
CHAPTER THREE
EVALUATION OF SENGHOR'S
HUMANISM.....................75
INTRODUCTION.........................................76
III.1. Positive impacts of Senghor's
humanism....................................77
III.1.1.
Pan-Africanism.....................................................................77
III.1.2. The Revalorisation of Traditional
values........................................78
III.1.3. The fight against the Inferiority
Complex........................................79
III.2. Negative impacts of Senghor's
humanism.....................................84
III.2.1.
Ethnocentrism.......................................................................84
III.2.2. No Revolutionary
Praxis..........................................................85
III.2.3. The Glorification of the
Past......................................................86
III.3. The Civilization of the Universal and
Négritude.............................88
III.3.1. What is
Négritude?......................................................................................88
III.3.2. Négritude in the light of the
Civilization of the Universal.......... ..........91
III.3.3.Senghor the
Oxymoron.............................................................94
CONCLUSION...........................................98
4.
GENERAL CONCLUSION..............................99
4.1. The actuality of Teilhard de Chardin and
Senghor.................................99
4.2. African art, Industrialisation and
globalisation....................................100
4.3. The Civilization of the Universal: myth or
reality?........................................102
5.
SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY............................104
5.1. Main
Sources...........................................................................104
5.2. Secondary
Sources....................................................................105
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