CHAPTER IV: DATA ANALYSIS
AND INTERPRETATION OF FINDINGS
4.1 Introduction
This chapter deals mainly with presenting the findings and
their interpretation. It is concerned with the general discussion of the
study's exploratory findings. It concerns with the presentation and discussions
of the major findings are only in qualitative forms. The analysis is grounded
on primary data obtained from direct respondents. The secondary data obtained
from Tumba Sectors' officials especially in the selected sample of three Cells
have also been used. The sample amounted to respondents; I selected the
respondents using simple random sampling technique. Interviews both structured
for bureaucrats and unstructured for citizens were used in the process of data
collection which provided the relevant data to my topic.
4.2. Identification of Respondents
In this work both male and female sexes were considered in
order to consider gender aspect. This is grounded on the fact that the
government of RWANDA has promoted Gender balance, and the selected sample
includes both male and female and who are concerned with the organizational
communication in particular, so the research was neither selective nor
discriminating. Hence all citizens' category was represented in my research
purposely to have a general overview of the idea of the topic under study.
Table 1: Respondents
classification according to categories
|
SRS
|
women
|
men
|
Frequency
|
Percentage (%)
|
|
Staff of three Cells
|
3
|
0
|
3
|
10
|
|
Accessed citizens
|
7
|
20
|
27
|
90
|
|
Total
|
10
|
20
|
30
|
100%
|
Source: primary data May
2015
The identification of respondents displays the number of
citizens respondents who participated in the research from the sample of 30
respondents selected. The respondents were officials who covered 10% while
citizens were represented by 90%. The number of officials in this sample is
considered to be low as the sample covered three Cells among the five of Tumba
sectors, and also a low number of citizens.
4.3. Responses to Interviews
4.3.1 Interview of
citizens
After introductory speech, the selected respondent allowed me
to start an interview while it has had already started via a welcome in office,
and asking me the intentions of the interview to know what it was for. They
accepted and I started to progressively interviewing with much pleasure.
In order to solicit respondents' views on the
importance of organizational communication, participants of
the study, were asked to state in their own opinion the main functions of
communication in their organizations. Thirty majority of the respondents said
communication is used to deliver instructions; other said that it useful in
delivering new information for the organization, organizational communication
is used for basic information needed for job; tasks to be performed and other
said organizational communication is used to resolve work related issues; while
a small number said that it is used to encourage dialogue and team building,
while the minority said communication is used to motivate staff to work.
Generally, they assumed that effective organizational communication displays a
direct and positive relationship with job effectiveness/satisfaction and
positive commitment of employees at the organizational level as a result of
general employee satisfaction
The respondents answers of ways of sensitizing in the
selected sample
The question about the ways of sensitization of announcements
used in TUMBA Sector, many ways are used such as CUG (Close User Group) among
all leaders from the Sector's to the Umudugudu level to ease the organizational
communication process. This has undoubtedly facilitated the system of
information propagation within the citizens. This is emphasizing the approach
of horizontal/lateral communication between the same level authorities.
Additional to this, is the selected people in Umudugudu whose service is to
speak loudly in their villages about what to; such special collective work
(Umuganda) or other specific issue to transmit in the people as a whole, they
are called Abamenyekanishabikorwa.
In his words, one of the leaders of selected sample said that"
there should be a clearly fixed known incentive provided by the government to
those people since they do a very important work". The respondents continued
arguing that means of organizational communication should be more effective,
likable for almost all people not only of Tumba Sector but also for all
Rwandans. Classification of respondent according to location and place in the
sample selected are in three Cells, and number of respondents, and their
percentages
The answers below concerns the extent to which staff
or authorities go on the field for communicating people
Table 2: Representing how
leaders come at the field to inform citizens
|
Cells
|
Number of respondents
|
Percentage/%
|
|
Gitwa
|
6
|
20%
|
|
Cyarwa
|
13
|
43.4%
|
|
Rango b
|
11
|
36.6%
|
|
Total
|
30
|
100%
|
Source: Primary data May 2015
Being asked how often does the staff goes on field to meet
citizens for informing them about government programs, Gitwa's respondents
presented 20%, Cyarwa represented 43%, and Rango B presented 37%, the
respondents went on highlighting that they ever go there in order to let them
aware of what is going on in their sector. Due to the fact of close user group
of every leader, it is at a low frequency that they are required to go down on
the field to sensitize the update information, the citizens knows the daily
news. In responding to the question related organizational communication in
enhances work effectiveness, all selected leaders responded by assuming that
ways by which people attend public activities.
The
respondents acknowledging if organizational communication enhances work
effectiveness
Table 3: Classification
of respondents by cells responding
|
Cells
|
Number of respondents
|
Percentage
|
|
Gitwa
|
7
|
23.3%
|
|
Cyarwa
|
13
|
43.3%
|
|
Rango b
|
10
|
33.3%
|
|
Total
|
30
|
100%
|
Source: Field data, May, 2015
Then, in almost three Cells; Gitwa presented 23%, Rango B
presented 33% and Cyarwa 44%, they assumed it by saying that meetings of
leaders together with citizens that occurs several times has an important role
on work effectiveness, leaders tell their citizens about what the government
want them to do, and relying upon what is update. Together with citizens
leaders also evaluate the achievements of actions that have been planned
before. In meeting, people declare the hardships (difficulties) that they are
facing, suggestions about what is worth being done to improve their life, they
also propose solutions of problems that are being faced with and together with
their leaders, and they solve difficulties that are among their cells and
government programs are achieved through effective communication.
Their own views about if organizational communication roles,
they said that it boosts participation of citizens in decision making which is
very vital (important), because it facilitates the practice of what they are
required to do due to the understanding of why, how, and when such activity
should be done in a particular and specific way. Also they continued saying
about how organizational communication improve development in a way that
whatever is reached comes up to from sharing relevant information which promote
harmony among all citizens.
Respondent's answers on the roles of the
organizational communication,
They said that it enhances Solidarity between citizens and a
leader which must be taken into consideration as source of work effectiveness
either in local government or in higher institutions. Leaders besides, must
have the spirit of approaching their citizens and help them to find solutions
of their problems and achieve the prepared goals .Unless solidarity of citizens
and leaders valued, the development and harmony in the country become
impossible to be attained thoroughly. Motivation: the fostering of individual
or community activities, geared to the pursuit of agreed goals.
Similarly, the questions asked to the leaders were also asked
to citizens but some answers differed in one ways or another due to fear of
being asked by an unknown people in their environment and some were the same.
About the challenges confronted in communicating citizens, almost all citizens
said that receiving information in the afternoon or in the morning makes them
feeling exasperate because they should have planned their domestic tasks than
public interest.
The interviewees responded if means of communication are
effective, likable for almost all people
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