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Design , implementation and management of secured lan

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par Eliud Ir. Eliud Aganze
Jomokenyatta university of agriculture and technology - B.sc information technology 2014
  

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2.19. 5.2.1 Flat versus Hierarchical Topologies

2.20. 5.2.1.0 Flat network topology

A flat networktopology is adequate for small networks. With a flat network design, there is no hierarchy. Each network device has essentially the same job, and the network is not divided into layers or modules. A flat network topology is easy to design and implement, and it is easy to maintain, as long as the network stays small. When the network grows, however, a flat network is undesirable. The lack of hierarchy makes troubleshooting difficult. Rather than being able to concentrate troubleshooting efforts in just one area of the network, you might need to inspect the entire network. Although mesh networks feature good reliability, they have many disadvantages if they are not designed carefully.

Figure 5.4: Flat network design

All the devices are on the same level, computers and switches.

2.20.1.1. 5.2.1.1 Hierarchical Design Model

The hierarchical design model is used to break the design up into modular groups or layers. Breaking the design up into layers allows each layer to focus on specific functions, which simplifies the design and provides simplified deployment and management.

Modularity in network design allows you to create design elements that can be replicated throughout the network. Replication provides an easy way to scale the network as well as a consistent deployment method. In flat or meshed network architectures, changes tend to affect a large number of systems. Hierarchical design helps constrain operational changes to a subset of the network, which makes it easy to manage as well as improve resiliency. Modular structuring of the network into small, easy-to-understand elements also facilitates resiliency via improved fault isolation.

A hierarchical design includes the following three layers:

i. Access layer: Provides workgroup/user access to the network.

ii. Distribution layer: Aggregates access layers and provides connectivity to services.

iii. Core layer: Provides connection between distribution layers for large LAN environments.

Figure 5.5: Hierarchical design for JKUAT Karen Campus

i. Access Layer

The access layer is the point at which user-controlled and user-accessible devices are connected to the network. The access layer provides both wired and wireless connectivity and contains features and services that ensure security and resiliency for the entire network.

Device Connectivity

The access layer provides high-speed user-controlled and user-accessible device connectivity. Once expensive options, high-speed access technologies like Gigabit Ethernet and 802.11n wireless are now standard configurations on end-user devices.

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