Cytotoxicité larvaire et activités antimicrobiennes des extraits de Adansonia digitata L., Tamarindus indica L. et de Acacia nilotica L. delile sur des souches microbiennes multirésistantes au Bénin

CONCLUSION

Ce travail rentre dans le cadre de l'exploration des plantes à fruit de la flore béninoise face à la résistance aux antimicrobiens. Il a viséàétudier l'activité antibactérienne et antifongique de l'écorce, de la feuille et du fruit de Adansonia digitata L., Tamarindus Indica L. et Acacia nilotica(L.) Willd. ancien Delilesur des souchesrésistantes aux antimicrobiens. L'activité antimicrobienne de ces plantes a été appréciée notamment sur des souches bactériennes (Staphylocoque à Coagulase Négative (SCN), S. aureus, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, K. oxytoca, E. cloacae) et de Candida (C. albicans, C. krusei, C. parapsilosis, C. glabrata)résistantes.

L'étude a ressortiune absence de cytotoxicité larvaire des différents extraits testés à l'exception des extraits de fruits et de feuilles de A. digitata qui ont présenté une toxicité modérée. L'extrait aqueux des fruits a présenté une meilleure activité antibactérienne. Cet extrait très consommé comme jus de fruit par la population (Tamarindus indica, Adansonia digitata) possède un grand potentiel antimicrobien démontré par la présente étude et mérite d'être valorisé pour un usage perpétué. Les données obtenues sur le mécanisme d'actionont confirmé le potentiel de déstabilisation de la membrane des souches bactériennes des extraits testés avec un meilleur effet par rapport à l'Imipenème utilisé comme molécule de référence.

Cette étude a ainsi démontré que l'utilisation de ces plantes comme une alternative face à la résistance aux antimicrobiens est justifiée. Les résultats obtenus font de ces plantes de bons candidats pour le développement de médicaments traditionnels améliorés dans le contexte de la résistance aux antimicrobiens. Les fruits de ces plantes constitueraient donc une bonne alternative à l'antibiothérapie face à la résistance aux antimicrobiens observée ce jour. Il s'avère très important d'effectuer diverses investigations sur les propriétés nécessaires à une meilleure qualification de ces plantes afin de minimiser tout risque à la santé.

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