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Optimism of Rwandan people and economic development of their country. Case study: ''Script-writer and drawer'' A.Z.C.( Télécharger le fichier original )par ZIRAGABA César ABIMANA National University of Rwanda - Bachelor's degree in Economics 2009 |
BIBLIOGRAPHYI. Books 1. ABIMANA, Z.C. 2000. Akaga mu Bukonya. Butare: Unpublished. 2. . 2002. Amahindu mu Ruhengeri. Butare: Unpublished. 3. . 2002. Amasezerano y'urusobe. Butare: Unpublished. 4. . 2001. Ifumba ry'ubufindo. Butare: Unpublished. 5. . 2001. Ingamba z'abaganizi. Butare: Unpublished. 6. . 1999. Isezererwa ry'ibisesereza. Butare: Unpublished. 7. . 1999. Umuti utazwi. Butare: Unpublished. 8. Bodard, L. 1967. L'Aventure. La guerre d'Indochine IV. Paris: Gallimard. 9. Bremond, J. and Jeledan, A. 1984. Dictionnaire des théories et mécanismes économiques. Paris: Dunod. 10. Kendall and Kendall J.E. 1992. Systems analysis and design. 2nd edition. Jersey: Prentice-Hall Cliffs. 11. Kenneth Bailey D. 1982. Methods of social research. 2nd edition. New York: Free press. 12. Larry Christensen B. 1991. Experimental methodology. 5th edition. Boston: Allyn and Bacon. 13. Renard, J.-B. 1978. Clefs pour la bande dessinée. Paris: Seghers. 14. Richard M. Grinnel Jr et al. 1990. Research in social work. USA: Peacock publishers Inc. II. Course notes 15. Murenzi, J. 2001. Ethique et culture rwandaise. FSSEM. Butare: Unpublished. 16. Mutambuka, P.C. 2001. Principles of economics. FSSEM. Butare: Unpublished. III. Electronic sources 17. Anne O. Krueger et al. 2009. Economic development. Retrieved June 24. 2009 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_development 18. Conteras R. 2009. How the Concept of Development Got Started. Retrieved June 24. 2009 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_development 19. Duc Bernard 1993. L'Art de la BD, tome 2 : la technique du dessin. Retrieved June 19. 2009 from http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bande_dessin%C3%A9e 20. Eisner, Will 2008. Comics and Sequential Art. Retrieved June 25. 2009 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comic_strip 21. Henri Filippini 2005. Dictionnaire de la bande dessinée. Retrieved June 19. 2009 from http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bande_dessin%C3%A9e 22. Lewis F. Abbott 2003. Theories Of Industrial Modernization & Enterprise Development: A Review. Retrieved June 24. 2009 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_development 23. Scheier, Michael E et al. 1986. Dispositional Optimism and Physical Well-Being: The Influence of Generalized Outcome Expectancies on Health. Retrieved January 22. 2008. http://www.blackwell-synergy.com.x. 24. Scott McCloud 1999. Understanding Comics, the Invisible Art. Retrieved June 19. 2009 from http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bande_dessin%C3%A9e 25. Wikipedia. The free encyclopedia 2009. Bande_dessinée. Retrieved June 19. 2009 from http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bande_dessin%C3%A9e 26. Wikipedia. The free encyclopedia 2009. Optimism. Retrieved June 25. 2009 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optimism APPENDICES APPENDIX 1: EXTRACT FROM CS « IFUMBA RY'UBUFINDO »: PAGE 10
APPENDIX 2: EXTRACT FROM CS « IFUMBA RY'UBUFINDO » : PAGE 11
APPENDIX 3: CERTIFICATE OF ARTISTIC MERIT FOR PRODUCTION
APPENDIX 4: CERTIFICATE OF PARTICIPATION IN « ART FOR PEACE »
APPENDIX 5: SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE (KINYARWANDA VERSION) Ibibazo bya anketi ikorwa na Bwana ABIMANA ZIRAGABA César, umunyeshuri mu mwaka wa kane w'Ubukungu muri Kaminuza y'u Rwanda/ Butare, umwaka w'amashuri 2004, mu rwego rw'ubushakashatsi bukorwa n'abanyeshuri barangiza icyiciro cya kabiri cy'amasomo A. INTANGIRIRO Umuhanzi A.Z.C., umuhanga uzi gushushanya kandi akaba amenyereye n'ibintu byo guhimba inkuru, yamaze imyaka irenga itanu akora ubutaruhuka yandika ibitabo byinshi birimo inkuru zishushanyije bivuga ku ntambara zabaye mu Rwanda guhera mu w'i 1990 kugeza mu w'2001. Uyu mushinga yawukoze nyuma yo gukora ubushakashatsi ku bahanzi bo mu bihugu byateye imbere maze akabona ko iki gikorwa ari ingirakamaro. Yaritegereje asanga ko : 1. Abanyarwanda bari barahejejwe hanze y'igihugu cyabo bafashe icyemezo cyo gutaha ku ngufu mu w'i 1990 ni intwari z'igihugu. 2. Abahagaritse jenoside yabaye mu Rwanda mu w'i 1994 ni intwari zo kuratwa. Abakoze ayo mahano ni ibigwari: baratsinzwe kandi ntibateze kuzubura umutwe. 3. Abashoje intambara ya gicengezi (1995-1999, 2001) bari bibeshye kandi n'abandi batekereza nkabo ntaho bizabageza. 4. Ibibazo mu bantu ntibibura kandi hari inzira nyinshi zo kubicyemura. 5. Icyemezo cyafashwe na Guverinima y'u Rwanda cyo gukurikirana abateza intugunda mu baturarwanda kugeza n'iyo bahungiye cyagiriye igihugu akamaro ku bijyanye n'umutekano. 6. Ubumwe bw'Abanyarwanda ni ngombwa mu kuzahura ubukungu bw'igihugu cyabo. 7. Umutekano mu gihugu, imiyoborere myiza, ubusabane mu baturage, uburezi bujyanye n'igihe tugezemo, gukora cyane abantu bagerageza kwihangira imirimo, byose ni ibintu by'ibanze kugira ngo habeho iterambere ry'igihugu. Uyu mushinga yawukoze ntacyo yishingikirije, abona ko ari igikorwa cy'ingirakamaro kizafasha mu guteza imbere imibereho myiza y'uwawukoze (umushinga) by'umwihariko, n'iterambere rirambye ry'igihugu muri rusange. Icyitonderwa: 1. Nyuma yo kwimenyekanisha kandi wifashishije ibyo umaze kumenya ku muhanzi A.Z.C., subiza ibibazo bikurikira mu magambo make kandi yumvikana. 2. Kuri buri kibazo, shyira akamenyetso imbere y'igisubizo kimwe. B. KWIMENYEKANISHA a. Imyaka: ----------------------------------------- b. Icyo ukora: 1. Umuturage uciriritse 2. Umushomeri 3. Umukozi wifashije: - Ku giti cyawe - Wa Leta 4. Umunyeshuri: - Amashuri abanza - Ayisumbuye - Amakuru c. Ibyerekeye ubuhunzi: 1. Umunyarwanda utarigeze agira ingorane zo guhungira hanze y'igihugu cye 2. Wigeze kuba impunzi kubera jenoside 3. Wigeze kuba impunzi kubera intambara d. Uko intambara na jenoside byakugezeho: 1. Ibyo bintu ntibyakugizeho ingaruka ako kanya 2. Warokotse jenoside 3. Washegeshwe n'ingaruka mbi z'intambara C. IBIBAZO a. Mbese ukunda gusoma ibitabo birimo inkuru zishushanyije? YEGO OYA Kubera iki? ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- b. Mbese ku bwawe igikorwa cy'umuhanzi A.Z.C. gifite agaciro gakomeye mu maso y'Abanyarwanda? YEGO OYA Niba ari YEGO, gishobora guta agaciro bigenze bite? ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Niba ari OYA, kubera iki? ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- c. Inzitizi z'ingenzi uhura na zo mu gutegura no gushyira mu bikorwa umushinga ubyara inyungu nyuma y'igihe kirekire ni izihe? 1. Kutagira ubumenyi buhagije 2. Kutagira icyizere cyo kubaho igihe kirekire 3. Gucibwa intege n'abakagombye kugutera inkunga 4. Izindi (zivuge niba zihari): ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5. Izi zo hejuru zose ukuyemo n° 1 6. Nta n'imwe APPENDIX 6: SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE (ENGLISH VERSION) Questionnaire of investigation elaborated by Mr. ABIMANA ZIRAGABA Caesar, studying in Bacc. IV Economics at the NUR/ Butare, academic year 2004, in order to obtain a Bachelor's degree in Economics A. INTRODUCTION The artist A.Z.C., «script-writer and drawer», has made a project of Comic Strips that summarize the situation of Rwandan people since the war of 1990 until 2001. He spent more than five years preparing his project, the result of his research, with the aim to promote the Comic Strips, referencing himself to the works of different artists from developed countries. His observations revealed the following: 1. The Rwandan refugees who were refused their rights to peacefully come back to their country of origin and took the initiative to come back by force in 1990 are national heroes. 2. The brave people that stopped the genocide of 1994 are heroes. The authors of the genocide are cowards, they have been defeated and won't have the opportunity to resume anymore. 3. The assailants that provoked the war of infiltration in Rwanda (1995-1999, 2001) were mistaken in their reasoning. So do the partisans of their ideology. 4. Problems don't miss in the daily life and there is a diversity of solutions to these problems. 5. The initiative taken by the Rwandan Government to track trouble makers until outside the Rwanda borders was a beneficial fact for the national security. 6. The national unity is an essential condition for the prosperity of the Rwandan economy. 7. The national security, the good governance, the national concord, the love of work leading to self-employment, the education adjusted to the present international norms, all constitute a strong basis in the process of development. In his optimism, the inventor of this project was thinking about the sustainable development of his country in general and the improvement of his living conditions in particular. Remark: 1. After your identification and in consideration of what you have just known about an artist A.Z.C., please answer briefly and precisely to the following questions. 2. Please, nick only one answer on every question. B. IDENTIFICATION a. Age:------------------------------------------------ b. Profession: 1. Simple peasant 2. Unemployed person 3. Agent: - Private - State 4. Student: - Primary - Secondary - Superior c. Problematic ``refugee'': 1. To be identified as Rwandan who never knew the problem of ``refugee'' 2. To have taken refuge because of genocide 3. To have taken refuge because of war d. How wars and genocide affected you 1. These events didn't affect you directly 2. To be the genocide survivor 3. To be the victim of the war disasters
C. QUESTIONS a. Do you often read the Comic Strips? YES NO Why? ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ b. According to you, is the work of an artist A.Z.C. very important in the esteem of Rwandan people? YES NO If YES, what are the main factors that would contribute to its lack of value ?----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- If NO, why? ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- c. What are the main obstacles met during the conception and the realization of the long-term profitable project? 1. Lack of intellectual capacity 2. The level of life expectancy is too low 3. To be discouraged by the behaviors of those that should sustain you 4. Others (mention them if any) :-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5. All, without the case n° 1 6. None APPENDIX 7: TABLE OF THE STRATA OF THE SAMPLE
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