CHAPITER FOUR: DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS
4.1. Introduction
The main concern of this chapter is to
analyze data collected in EXPO 2010 on women entrepreneurs, then to interpret
the results and test the hypotheses so to generate reliable knowledge on women
entrepreneurship in Rwanda. The analysis intends to test whether economic
situation of women entrepreneurs has improved since they started their own
businesses. To achieve this goal, the comparative analysis (using
paired-samples T test) will be performed on savings, expenditures and working
capital patterns. Ultimately, this chapter provides an analysis on the
contribution of women entrepreneurs to economic development of Rwanda through
reduction of unemployment, fostering exports, and participating to government
budget through tax payment.
4.2 Socio-economic
characteristics of women entrepreneurs in EXPO 2010
The women entrepreneurs concerned with in this study belong to
different socio-economic and demographic categories, and the sources of the
funds they use in their businesses differ.
4.2.1. Demographic
characteristics of women entrepreneurs in EXPO 2010
Table 4.1: Demographic
characteristics of the respondents
|
|
Variables
|
Frequency
|
Percent
|
|
Age
|
less than 20
|
1
|
1.7
|
|
20-39
|
28
|
46.7
|
|
40-49
|
20
|
33.3
|
|
50-59
|
8
|
13.3
|
|
60 and above
|
3
|
5.0
|
|
Total
|
60
|
100.0
|
|
Education
|
primary education
|
25
|
41.7
|
|
secondary education
|
28
|
46.7
|
|
university education
|
7
|
11.7
|
|
Total
|
60
|
100.0
|
|
Marital status
|
single
|
12
|
20.0
|
|
married
|
36
|
60.0
|
|
Divorced
|
1
|
1.7
|
|
widowed
|
11
|
18.3
|
|
Total
|
60
|
100.0
|
Source: Primary data
The Table 4.1 shows that 1.67% of the respondents are less
than 20 years old, 5% are between 20-39 years old, 13.33% are between 40-49
years old, 33.33% are between 50-59 years old and 46.67% are 60 and over. The
table also depicts a high concentration of women entrepreneurs in the age
bracket of 20-39.
Table 4.1 shows that the interviewed women entrepreneurs in
Expo having completed primary school represent 41.7% of the sample. Secondary
education has been completed by 46.7%; and tertiary education was completed by
only 11.7% of the sample.
Table 4.1 also indicates that 1.7% of women entrepreneurs are
divorced, 18.33% are widowed, 20% are single, and 60% are married. It is
evident that a greatest number of women entrepreneurs are married and the
smallest number of them is divorced.
4.2.2 Cross tabulation between
business type and age of respondents, marital status, education background
The women entrepreneurs are engaged in miscellaneous sectors
of activities depending on their ages, marital status and educational
background as highlighted by table 4.2.
Table4.2: Cross
tabulation between sector of activities and the three variables in table
4.1
|
Variables
|
Sector of activities
|
Total
|
|
Manufacturing
|
Trade and services
|
Art and craft sector
|
|
Age
|
less than 20
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
|
20-39
|
3
|
12
|
13
|
28
|
|
40-49
|
3
|
2
|
15
|
20
|
|
50-59
|
2
|
2
|
4
|
8
|
|
60 and above
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
3
|
|
Total
|
9
|
18
|
33
|
60
|
|
Education
|
primary education
|
2
|
5
|
18
|
25
|
|
secondary education
|
5
|
10
|
13
|
28
|
|
university education
|
2
|
3
|
2
|
7
|
|
Total
|
9
|
18
|
33
|
60
|
|
Marital status
|
single
|
2
|
8
|
2
|
12
|
|
married
|
3
|
9
|
24
|
36
|
|
Divorced
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
|
widowed
|
3
|
1
|
7
|
11
|
|
Total
|
9
|
18
|
33
|
60
|
Source: Primary data
The Table 4.2 indicates the relationship between the type of
business and three variables which are age bracket, marital status and
education background of women entrepreneurs.
For the variable age bracket of women entrepreneurs and
business types, The table 4.2 shows that 28 of women entrepreneurs (3 in
manufacturing, 12 in trade and services, 13 in art and craft) are concentrated
in age bracket of 20-39; It shows that 20 of women entrepreneurs (3 in
manufacturing, 2 in trade and services 15 in art and craft) are concentrated in
age bracket of 40-49;The age bracket of 8 women entrepreneurs (2 in
manufacturing, 2 in trade and services, 4 in art and craft) is between 50-59
years; the table 4.2 shows that 3 women entrepreneurs (1 in manufacturing,1 in
trade and services, 1 in art and craft) their age bracket is 60years and above,
the result from table 4.2 also shows that 1 women entrepreneurs (trade and
services) s in age bracket of less than 20 years.
The table4.2 also shows the relationship between business type
and educational background, It shows that the total of 9 women entrepreneurs
are in manufacturing sector 2 of them has studied primary school, 5 of them has
studied secondary school and 2 of them studied at university level.
The table shows that the total of 18 women entrepreneurs in
trade and services 5 of them has studied primary school, 10 of them studied
secondary school and 3 has studied university.
The table above also depicts that 33 women entrepreneurs in
art and craft sector 18 of them has studied primary school, 13 of them has
studied secondary school and 2 of them has studied university.
Lastly table 4.2 shows the relationship between business type
and marital status, it shows that a total of 9 women entrepreneurs in
manufacturing sector 2 of them are single,3 of them are married, 1 of them is
divorced and 3 of them are widowed. The total of 18 women entrepreneurs in
trade and services 8 of them are single, 9 of them are married and 1 of them is
widowed. In the total of 33 women entrepreneurs in art and craft 2 of them are
single, 24 of them are married and 7 of them are widowed.
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