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Comportement géomécanique des blocs de terre de Sa'a (Centre-Cameroun)


par STEPHAN MAMER NGADENA
Université de Yaoundé I - Master 2020
  

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ABSTRACT

The purpose of this work is to compare the shaping ability of compressed earth blocks (BTC) of lateritic clays and bioburden clays by termite activity for their use in civil construction. The work carried out took place in the locality of Sa'a (Center-Cameroon).

The methodology used consisted of field and laboratory work. The field methods used to carry out this study focused on the collection of lateritic clays and biologically modified materials. Laboratory work focused on mineralogical and geochemical analyzes and the determination of the geotechnical properties of natural and physico-mechanical materials of compressed earth blocks.

The results obtained show that the termite mounds and lateritic clay materials consist of quartz, kaolinite, goethite, hematite (in small quantities: 2.20 - 2.95% in termite mounds than those: 2.75 - 3.35 % of lateritic clays) and incidentally of anatase and ilmenite. Ilmenite is only present in termite mound materials (NKM-T). The chemical composition of these materials shows that they are predominantly silica-alumino-ferrous silica. Their spread and heterogeneous particle size reveals that they are useful sandy clays for the manufacture of masonry tiles and bricks (NKM-T). Termite mounds are more plastic than lateritic clays and exhibit acceptable molding properties. This behavior, justified by low linear shrinkage values (RL <3%), is due to the presence of quartz, kaolinite and the absence of swelling minerals. The mechanical characteristics (resistance to bending and compression) of lateritic clays in their natural state are very low compared to those of termite mound materials for reasons of their high mineralogical constitution in quartz or low in kaolinite, their granularity and their low plasticity. The gradual additions of termite mound materials to lateritic materials lead to a significant increase in flexural and compressive strengths, and achieve optimum working qualities of compressed earth blocks. Therefore, the addition of termite mound materials around 40% is in high demand in the safe manufacture of raw BTC.

Keywords: termite mounds, lateritic clays, geomechanic, earth blocks, Sa'a.

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LISTE DES ABREVIATIONS ET ACRONYMES

AFNOR : Association Française de la Normalisation

BTC : Bloc de Terre Comprimée

G.P.S : Global Positioning System

GeoLabs : Laboratoire de Géosciences d'Ontario

Ip : Indice de plasticité

Ld : limite de détection

LGIA : Laboratoire de Géologie de l'Ingénieur et d'Altérologie

LL : limite de liquidité

LOI : Loss Of Ignition

MIPROMALO : Mission de promotion des matériaux locaux

MO : Matière Organique

NIS : Nigeria Industrial Standard Rc : Résistance à la compression Rf : Résistance à la flexion

RL : Retrait linéaire

RLm : Retrait Linéaire moyen

SAF : Silice-Alumine-Fer

SRTM : Shuttle Radar Topography Mission

Tab : Tableau

UYI : Université de Yaoundé I

VBS : Valeur au bleu de sol

WA : Absorption d'eau

XRD: X-ray Diffraction

óf : Résistance à la flexion

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