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Pastoral Husbandry in Ariège: Animal Vulnerability on Rangelands, Adaptations to Accompaniment Measures of the Brown Bear (Ursus artos) Reintroduction and Conservation Plan in French Pyrenees 2006-2009 and Farming System evolutions

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par Eric Duplex ZOUKEKANG
INPT/ENSAT/ENFA - Master AgroBioSciences: The Agro Food Chain 2008
  

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2.2 Data collection

2.2.1 A bibliographic approach to define the status of the topic

Documentation on pastoral farming system is as difficult to find, as the system is complex to manage. Much of the time, the system as presented is with the same technique than 500 to 600 years ago. Concerning pastoralism in Pyrenees, archives show that in the years 1400 to 1500, picking up animals where only at home in the evening. They show, however, what to avoid in this system: shepherds invaded had right legally to grab livestock until the payment of a penalty. It remains between 1500 and 1900 in a «escabots» system, no herds, less than 150 animals per shepherd. Is a form of grazing, both fragmented but covering the entire territory, very old (over half a millennium), which has truly "created" eco-agrosystem that are the Pyrenees mountains and the richness of their vegetation up to high altitude. Introduce changes, by other ways to keep the beast

Pamiers Subdivision

= Couserans « country »

= Pyrénées Cathares« country »

= Portes d'Ariège-Pyrénées « country »

= Foix Haute Ariège « country »

+ = Sor

++ = Barjac

= Larcat

= Verdun

= Ascou

= Les Cabannes

St Girons

Saint-Girons Subdivision

Aston

Bordes-sur-Lez

Soueix

Foix

Subdivision

Foix Subdivision

Note: No MSP in the underlined towns.

Figure 1: Geographical dispersion of breeders investigated

(adapted from Ariège villages map. Ariège Prefecture, 2005)

would in fact destroy the way this environment has established and maintained (...) and even that environment (B. Besche-Commenge, 2008).

2.2.2 Field surveys

Comprehensive approaches of practices developed in socio-anthropology believe that the meaning of these practices is not a priori given and unambiguous. Collection of information directly or through surveys on the physical realization of a practice does not lead to identify the meaning of things. But it is possible to get the sense, through the analysis of what farmers say. This meaning can be inferred from the descriptions of farmers because in them, "they do not tell the truth of things, but the truth of their relationship to things" (Darré, 1999). Thus, in order to characterize the meaning of diversity and transformation of farmers' practices, it is important to identify concepts in their movement and not isolate the concepts of a farmer in his social position (...).

In order to have diversified points of view, alternatives to constraints and production perspectives, I interviewed breeders of plateau, mountain, High Mountain, hillside, for and against pastoral cohabitation with the preference of sheep farming which is more sensible to predation. Even though in the real situation, more than 90% of breeders are against to cohabitation, I interviewed 7 breeders against the cohabitation, 6 breeders in favour, 2 shepherds and 2 managers of pastoral group. I used the semi-directive conversation's method for information collection.

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