The implementation of web based system for the improvment of good governance in the development of rwandan districts.

CHAPTER. 2. THEORETICAL CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS

2.1. Introduction

This Chapter focus the theoretical concepts on which this project is based. The aim of this part is to give the description of the terms and concepts that are used in the development. Briefly it provides the required knowledge that will help in understanding technologies related issues and concepts.

2.2. Information system

2.2.1. Definition

2.2.1.1. System

A system is a set of interacting or interdependent entities real or abstract, forming an integrated

whole. (Retrieved March 21. 2009. from http:// en .wikipedia.org/wiki/system)

The concept of an "integrated whole" (Retrieved March 21. 2009. from http:// en .wikipedia.org/wiki/system) can also be stated in terms of a system embodying a set of relationships which are differentiated from relationships of the set to other elements, and from relationships between an element of the set and elements not a part of the relational regime.

2.2.1.2. Computer system

A complete, working computer. The computer system includes not only the computer, but also

any software and peripheral devices that are necessary to make the computer function. Every computer system, for example, requires an operating system. (Retrieved March 21. 2009. from http:/ www .webopedia.com/ TERM/C/Computer system.html/).

2.2.1.3. Information system

In a general sense, the term information system (IS) refers to a system of people, data records

and activities that process the data and information in an organization, and it includes the
organization's manual and automated processes. In a narrow sense, the term information system
(or computer-based information system) refers to the specific application software that is used

to store data records in a computer system and automates some of the information-processing activities of the organization. Computer-based information systems are in the field of information technology. The discipline of business process modelling describes the business processes supported by information systems.

The related components which make up information systems are:

People, Procedures, Softwares, Hardwares, Data and Environment. (Retrieved March 21. 2009. from http; // www.wikipedia.org/wik/information system).

2.2.1.4. Management information system

Management Information System (MIS) is a computer system, usually based on mainframe or microcomputer designed to provide management personnel with up -to -date information on organization's performance ; ex: inventor and sales .These systems output information in a form that is useable by managers at all levels of the organization :strategic , tactical and operational.

2.2.1.5. Information technology (IT)

Information technology (IT), as defined by the Information Technology Association of America (ITAA), is "the study, design, development, implementation, support or management of computer-based information systems, particularly software applications and computer hardware. IT deals with the use of electronic computers and computer software to convert, store, protect, process, transmit, and securely retrieve information. (Retrieved March 21.2009.from; http// www.wikipedia.org/wik/information technology).

Today, the term information technology has ballooned to encompass many aspects of computing and technology, and the term has become very recognizable. The information technology umbrella can be quite large, covering many fields.

IT professionals perform a variety of duties that range from installing applications to designing complex computer networks and information databases.

A few of the duties that IT professionals perform may include data management, networking, engineering computer hardware, database and software design, as well as the management and administration of entire systems.