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Beliefs and attitudes towards male domestic violence in south kivu

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par Ndabuli Theophile Mugisho
University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa - Master of Commerce in Conflict Resolution and Peace Studies 2011
  

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3.2.1.1 Documentary approach

This is the method that allowed the researcher to collect secondary data of beliefs and attitudes towards male domestic violence in South Kivu regarding domestic abuse. Based on Charles (1994:41) and Cohen (1997:41), documentary methods help the researcher to read and discover the content of many written documents like books, journals, newspaper articles, letters, official reports, administrative records, web pages and diaries about a given topic. Reading written documents' contents allowed the researcher to draw particular conclusions related to the societal conditions in which such writings were done and read. In effect, documentary method does not show a clear cut way but includes background and supportive details. To Denzin and Lincoln (2000:52), a written document is usually considered as a work of art that was recorded like a text despite its format because writing remains a key societal activity. This explains the reason why documents should be vital resources to any researcher who wants to investigate social situations. In addition, written documents are sometimes believed to safeguard researchers although existing documentary resources are seldom given the consideration that they ought to have (Sharp, 2002:13).

To Mouton (2001:32), documents are social products that must be shared among the individuals who live in a given society. Since they are based on some particular conventions and mirror some detailed discourses, written documents therefore present some advantages to this research. Any data that is gathered from books or any other different writings are helpful for highlighting the conceptualization of men's opinions about the beliefs and attitudes of male domestic violence in South Kivu and seek ways to reduce it. Besides, it helps the researcher to justify and understand the topic in full.

3.2.1.2 Focus group

Focus group is the method that the researcher used in order to collect primary data. As argued by Parker and Tritter (2006:25), the method remains a fundamental tool for researchers because it provides enormous qualitative information in a small period of time. Furthermore it also produces more data that is original, rich and valid compared to other methods of research (Kidd and Parshall, 2000:299). During focus group talks, the researcher moderates the debates between different respondents. This must be encouraged because discussions are a consistent means of scrutinising individuals' views on a given topic. This method is a type of interview that encourages the interviewees to discuss different specific subjects by discovering underlying themes, attitudes, beliefs and even values that are familiar to their daily lives (Taylor and Bogdan, 1998:104).

In the case of domestic violence in South Kivu, focus group methodology reflected what the population thinks about it through a reduced number of respondents taken from the local population. In this vein, Polit and Hungler (1999:133) ascertain that the approach promotes the understanding of the respondents' attitudes and perceptions from their group talks. Focus group talks seem to be a microcosm of `the thinking society' that remains able to disclose the progression by which social rules are produced in a joint way via discussions (Babbie and Mouton, 2001:33). The method discloses how the opinions of some specific individuals can be adapted or even considered in a developing team method. And according to Mouton (2001:41), he confirms that such discovery depicts how the contributions of participants in their unit discussions interlink and conflict along the dialogue and the arguments that exist between the different interviewees of the same group. The respondents in every group will react as team-friends by questioning one another without fear, exchange narratives and think about some of the comments based on the experience and opinions of other members of their unit. The researcher needs to access as much information as possible from each team. This kind of data allows for transparency as the opinions are known by everyone in the focus group. Sharp (2002:29) believes that units of interviewees may convene several times and their focus teams may be conducted in series or in parallel.

As regards the beliefs and attitudes of South Kivu men regarding violence in the home, the researcher formed two focus team discussions of seven men participants each.

In addition, as advocated by Mahoney and Goertz (2006:235), the data collected from focus groups is not enough, so the researcher decided to organise in-depth interviews. These detailed discussions were composed of three participants from each group and in each part of the province, to take part in further exchange. The aim of this was to allow the researcher to confirm some of the insights collected from the members of the focus groups (Monett et al., 1998:59). The contact among group members during the discussions is of paramount importance and the researcher becomes a trigger for helping the in-depth discussions to be more productive in a logical sequence of open-ended questions that actually prompt the respondents to be very participative to the talks that are organised inside their respective teams (Parker and Tritter, 2006:28). Interaction between group members must be in a good environment because discussions will emerge without problem between the researcher and the participants and of course among the interviewees themselves in their own units.

In the same context, the questions that were developed focused on individual beliefs and attitudes regarding domestic violence in South Kivu province. Furthermore the researcher framed questions related to specific aims of this current study project. The formulated questions investigated males' beliefs and attitudes towards assault in South Kivu homes. This research investigated the existence and strength of South Kivu men's abusive beliefs and attitudes as well regarding violence in the home through the selected sample of men.

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