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Primary education and entrepreneurship in east Africa: a case study of private schools for the poor in Kibera(Kenya)

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par Keunne Nodem Eric
University of Newcastle Upon-Tyne - Master of Education 2010
  

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4.3.3 Focus on orphans, poor and vulnerable children

Another motivation stated by the school owners for setting up their schools in Kibera has to do with the empathy and concern for the poorest, orphans and vulnerable children. They wanted to offer the opportunity to orphans and vulnerable children who could not afford to be educated in their institutions. In stressing on the importance of this trend, some of school owners reported that:

«The area has two developed academies which targets pupil from relatively rich families who are able to pay the high rates of school fees they charge. This led us to start up this school to cater for children who were not able to enrol into public schools and other academies for one reason or the other. In fact we wanted to give orphans and vulnerable children the opportunity to have access to education.»(School owner B. St Stephen Children Centre & school)

And,

«I was so much concerned with the fate of orphans, destitute and neglected children. As a Christian, I felt so bad when I use to see them around. I first started teaching them in my house and seeing that the number was increasing, the community and some members of the church helped me to set up a school for this particular group of children.» (School owner F (Support Orphans and Destitute Academy)

These factors are extremely important in understanding the investment phenomenon taking place in many developing countries. In this case, the mushrooming of private schools catering for the poor and the needier in the slum of Kibera is partly attributed to the huge number of less educated children living in the community.

4.3.4 Profit motive

The school owners that took part in the research acknowledge charging fees to their pupils for many purposes. Some of these costs are either allocated for uniforms, text books or examination fees. Although not every school applies this fee scheme for all the pupils' expenses, it is however worth noting that all of the 20 schools in this study charge a registration fee. The monthly fees for children in the research schools range from £3.97 to £13.49 (see figure 6). These fees are for many of the school owners, the principal financial income of their schools and are used in covering the expenses related to the functioning of the business. The main costs for the school owners are teacher salaries.

Figure 6 Monthly fees

Although it has been noted that all these schools charge fees on business principles for their effective functioning, our study has brought forward the fact that, a good number of these schools, if not all of them, equally offer considerable support in the form of scholarships to the needier pupils. We specifically laid an emphasis on this issue while setting the questions to school owners. It was found that close to a relatively high proportion of the schools do offer scholarship to two categories of pupils. This form of support accounted for up to 65% of scholarships awarded for orphans and 25% for outstanding children (tables 5 and 6). Not absolutely refuting the fact that they make some money out of their investments, many of the school owners however do emphasise that their investment aimed first and foremost, at covering the educational needs of the population in which they themselves live. Offering assistance to such students contribute to make the awarding institution a valuable one and thus motivate many other pupils and parents to cast their choice on it for future enrolments. This could be seen as a marketing policy taking place in a competitive business arena.

Table 5: The school offers scholarships for orphans

Table 6: The school offers scholarships for outstanding students

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