ABSTRACT
The research realised in Droh Gana and Mara localities in
about 25km of N'djamena concerned fortunes and constrains of irrigated
perimeters on the process of Integrated water resources management in Chad.
It happens from august to October 2011 in order to contribute to the
process of integrated water resources management in Chad. Two types of data
sources are used with the help of discussions, enquiries cards, observations
and some tools (double decameter). By analyses and interpretations of these
results, the research demonstrates that the perimeters are initiated in order
to fight against food insecurity. This fight allowed the initiation of
management actions of principles sources of waters in the country.
According to organization, institutions and political frame
are developed in order to facilitate irrigations activities and agricultural
production process. So, the country passes from the management of big to small
irrigated perimeters where the implication of local population is too
important.
The technical diagnosis demonstrate that water pumping station
and many other works existed just by memory because of the interruption of
activities within the perimeter. These interruptions derived from management
difficulties to witch people confront. So, many experiences have been acquired.
The main objective of the project was to bring out the population to their
self-autonomy and functioning relate to water management and for the entire
perimeters.
Constrains link to the stakeholder's behavior and the
socio-economic factors have no contribute to the processes of management
initiated and so they are not able to show the economic interest of water
management. The lack of implication of the women in this management is also a
factor. This implication can evaluate and range the priority needs. With the
actual institutional and political frame (creation of programs and projects),
the problem of water resources utilization in the Chad must be resolved by
reinforcing the capacity of the stakeholders and also by taking in to
consideration the entire role of watershed management in geopolitical
aspects.
The question of integrated water management needs some actions in
the field where all the experiment gained by people and government are
valorized.
Key words :
1 - Irrigated perimeter
2 - Small perimeter
3 - IWRM
4 - Water resources
5 - Water shed
LISTE DES ABREVIATIONS
BT : Bassin de tranquillisation
CP : Canal Principal
CS : Canal Secondaire
CILSS : Comité Inter-états de
Lutte contre la Sécheresse dans le Sahel
CBLT : Commission du Bassin de Lac Tchad
DGRH : Direction de Génie Rural et de
l'Hydraulique Agricole
DCO : Demande Chimique en Oxygène
EMHV : Esters Méthyliques d'Huile
Végétale
FAO : Food and Agricultural Organisation
FCFA : Franc de la Communauté
financière Africaine
FMI : Fond Monétaire International
FIDA : Fond International du
Développement Agricole
GMP : Groupe moto pompe
GPA : Groupement de Production Agricole
GTZ : Office Nationale de la coopération
Technique
IIED: International Institute for Environment
and Development
HMT : hauteur manométrique totale
ITRAD : Institut Tchadien de Recherche
Agronomique pour le Développement
ONASA : Office National de
Sécurité Alimentaire
ONDR : Office National pour le
Développement Rural
ONG : Organisation Non Gouvernementale
OP : Organisation de producteurs
PNS : Programme National de
Sécurité Alimentaire
PROADEL : Projet d'Appui au Développement
Local
PVERS : Projet de Valorisation des Ecoulements
de surface
PPI : Petits Périmètres
Irrigués
PPV : Petits Périmètres
Villageois
PAM : Programme Alimentaire Mondial
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