CHAPTER ONE: GENERAL
INTRODUCTION
GENERAL INTRODUCTION
1. BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT OF THE STUDY
The various economic, social and environmental crises that the
majority of countries of planet are experimenting today, seems to be the result
of the capitalist model of development disseminated in the world by the
Occident. Capitalism is this model of development which gives the priority to
the economic growth. Consequently the level of development at the beginning of
the 20th century is being measured with the capacity of the states
to accumulate richness. Later the social factor makes its appearance and one
then will measure the development from an economic and social point of view.
However, with the apparition of the oil crisis in 1973 and
1978, the Occident was become aware of a possible shortage of the natural
resources. Also, a significant parameter of the development had been put on
side: the environment. The model of industrial development seems non-viable.
Therefore, related to the problem of viability which is equity clings, the more
poor undergo more on the ecological crisis which prevails.
The model of development of the moment seems to be highly
consuming non-renewable resources. At the same time, with the multiplication of
ecological crises, it appeared urgent to redefine a new way of development
taking into account all the parameters of a healthy development. This idea
comes out as a result in 1980, from the concept of "sustainable
development" that appears in a report of the International Union for
Conservation of the Nature (IUCN).
In 1992, the United Nations Conference on Environment and
Development (UNCED) published the «Earth Charter», which
outlines the building of a just, sustainable, and peaceful global society in
the 21st century. The action plan Agenda 21 adopted by 173 countries
amongst which the Cameroon for sustainable development identified information,
integration, and participation as key building blocks to help countries achieve
development that recognizes these interdependent pillars. It emphasizes that in
sustainable development everyone is a user and provider of information. It
stresses the need to change from old sector-centered ways of doing business to
new approaches that involve cross-sectorial coordination and the integration of
environmental and social concerns into all development processes.
Cameroun for its part inherited after the independence the
capitalist system characterized by the drainage of the natural resources
towards outside to the detriment of the local population and especially of the
environment. It is in this logic that the multiplication of social crisis as
well as environmental crisis such as: desertification, pollution, climatic
disturbances have occur. Thus, the Cameroonian leaders choose a model of
sustainable development through the adhesion of Cameroon to Agenda 21observable
in many fields particularly those of energy and agriculture. However a rapid
seen of the political flow chart of our country reveals insufficiencies.
Because the sustainable development is based on three principal pillars the
social one, the economy, and the environmental pillar which is disseminated
within many ministries. These ministries overlap remains weak while the
sustainable development requires actions coordinated on all the levels whatever
they are.
At the same time, the Internet Word Stats reproduced a report
of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). This report, taking into
account the proliferation of computer science and Internet, observed that there
are 1,006,000 Cameroonians which uses Internet in June 2012. This number
represents at this time nearly 5? of the population. Today this percentage is
re-examined, so, according to the World Bank more than 6.4? Cameroonians go on
Internet in 2013 what testifies a constant penetration of Internet within
Cameroonian society. Also one of greatest attractions of Internet is web
portal, shown by their proliferation in Cameroon treating in general of
subjects like employment, news, economy and even of Internet. Another important
thing to note is that amongst the 10 favorite websites of Cameroonians 6 are
web portals according to Internet Word Stats.
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