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Analyse des canaux de transmission de la politique monétaire dans un pays en développement. Cas de la R.D. Congo.

( Télécharger le fichier original )
par Ange MBALA
Université Reverend Kim - Licence 2015
  

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1. TEST DE STATIONNARITE SUR LES VARIABLES

Tableau n° 15 : Stationarisation en différence première du LCR

Null Hypothesis: D(LCRE) has a unit root

 

Exogenous: None

 
 

LagLength: 0 (Fixed)

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

t-Statistic

  Prob.*

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Augmented Dickey-Fuller test statistic

-4.137609

 0.0001

Test critical values:

1% level

 

-2.621185

 
 

5% level

 

-1.948886

 
 

10% level

 

-1.611932

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

*MacKinnon (1996) one-sided p-values.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Augmented Dickey-Fuller Test Equation

 

Dependent Variable: D(LCRE,2)

 
 

Method: Least Squares

 
 

Date: 07/10/15 Time: 19:02

 
 

Sample (adjusted): 2002Q3 2012Q4

 

Included observations: 42 afteradjustments

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Variable

Coefficient

Std. Error

t-Statistic

Prob.  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

D(LCRE(-1))

-0.570057

0.137775

-4.137609

0.0002

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


Null Hypothesis: D(LIPC) has a unit root

 

Exogenous: None

 
 

LagLength: 0 (Fixed)

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

t-Statistic

  Prob.*

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Augmented Dickey-Fuller test statistic

-1.987775

 0.0459

Test critical values:

1% level

 

-2.621185

 
 

5% level

 

-1.948886

 
 

10% level

 

-1.611932

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

*MacKinnon (1996) one-sided p-values.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Augmented Dickey-Fuller Test Equation

 

Dependent Variable: D(LIPC,2)

 
 

Method: Least Squares

 
 

Date: 07/10/15 Time: 19:07

 
 

Sample (adjusted): 2002Q3 2012Q4

 

Included observations: 42 afteradjustments

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Variable

Coefficient

Std. Error

t-Statistic

Prob.  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

D(LIPC(-1))

-0.174420

0.087746

-1.987775

0.0535

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


Tableau n° 16 : Stationnarisation en différence première du LIPC

Source : Calculs de l'auteur à l'aide du logiciel E-views 7

Tableau n° 17 : Stationnarisation en différence première du LPIB

Null Hypothesis: D(LPIB) has a unit root

 

Exogenous: Constant

 
 

LagLength: 0 (Fixed)

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

t-Statistic

  Prob.*

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Augmented Dickey-Fuller test statistic

-3.365975

 0.0180

Test critical values:

1% level

 

-3.596616

 
 

5% level

 

-2.933158

 
 

10% level

 

-2.604867

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

*MacKinnon (1996) one-sided p-values.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Augmented Dickey-Fuller Test Equation

 

Dependent Variable: D(LPIB,2)

 
 

Method: Least Squares

 
 

Date: 07/10/15 Time: 19:18

 
 

Sample (adjusted): 2002Q3 2012Q4

 

Included observations: 42 afteradjustments

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Variable

Coefficient

Std. Error

t-Statistic

Prob.  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

D(LPIB(-1))

-0.440737

0.130939

-3.365975

0.0017

C

0.006754

0.002173

3.107908

0.0035

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Source : Calculs de l'auteur à l'aide du logiciel E-views 7

Source : Calculs de l'auteur à l'aide du logiciel E-views 7


Source : Calculs de l'auteur à l'aide du logiciel E-views 7

Tableau n° 18 : Stationnarisation en différence première du LTC

Null Hypothesis: D(LTC) has a unit root

 

Exogenous: None

 
 

Lag Length: 0 (Automatic - based on SIC, maxlag=9)

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

t-Statistic

  Prob.*

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Augmented Dickey-Fuller test statistic

-5.521838

 0.0000

Test critical values:

1% level

 

-2.621185

 
 

5% level

 

-1.948886

 
 

10% level

 

-1.611932

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

*MacKinnon (1996) one-sided p-values.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Augmented Dickey-Fuller Test Equation

 

Dependent Variable: D(LTC,2)

 
 

Method: Least Squares

 
 

Date: 07/10/15 Time: 19:21

 
 

Sample (adjusted): 2002Q3 2012Q4

 

Included observations: 42 afteradjustments

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Variable

Coefficient

Std. Error

t-Statistic

Prob.  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

D(LTC(-1))

-0.853002

0.154478

-5.521838

0.0000

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Sourc

e : Calculs de l'auteur à l'aide du logiciel E-views 7


Tableau n°19 : Test de causalité de granger

Pairwise Granger Causality Tests

Date: 07/10/15 Time: 20:10

Sample: 2002Q1 2012Q4

 

Lags: 1

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 NullHypothesis:

Obs

F-Statistic

Prob. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 DLCRE does not Granger Cause DLPIB

 42

 0.07872

0.7805

 DLPIB does not Granger Cause DLCRE

 4.37488

0.0430

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 DLTC does not Granger Cause DLPIB

 42

 0.49641

0.4853

 DLPIB does not Granger Cause DLTC

 0.06966

0.7932

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 DLIPC does not Granger Cause DLPIB

 42

 3.42962

0.0716

 DLPIB does not Granger Cause DLIPC

 0.31323

0.5789

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 DLTC does not Granger Cause DLCRE

 42

 3.32393

0.0760

 DLCRE does not Granger Cause DLTC

 0.13255

0.7178

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 DLIPC does not Granger Cause DLCRE

 42

 3.40013

0.0728

 DLCRE does not Granger Cause DLIPC

 0.35800

0.5531

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 DLIPC does not Granger Cause DLTC

 42

 0.32426

0.5723

 DLTC does not Granger Cause DLIPC

 4.72940

0.0358

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Tableau 2O : ESTIMATION DU VAR

1.ESTIMATION DU VAR(1)

 VectorAutoregressionEstimates

 
 

 Date: 07/10/15 Time: 20:34

 
 

 Sample (adjusted): 2002Q3 2012Q4

 
 

 Included observations: 42 afteradjustments

 

 Standard errors in ( ) & t-statistics in [ ]

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

DLTC

DLIPC

DLPIB

DLCRE

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

DLTC(-1)

 0.107896

 0.207482

 0.002420

-0.292308

 

 (0.20434)

 (0.09819)

 (0.01816)

 (0.30418)

 

[ 0.52803]

[ 2.11313]

[ 0.13322]

[-0.96096]

 
 
 
 
 

DLIPC(-1)

-0.219457

 0.512560

-0.045276

-0.279235

 

 (0.30599)

 (0.14703)

 (0.02720)

 (0.45550)

 

[-0.71721]

[ 3.48607]

[-1.66461]

[-0.61302]

 
 
 
 
 

DLPIB(-1)

-0.641748

 0.503108

 0.466517

 3.373542

 

 (1.61599)

 (0.77650)

 (0.14364)

 (2.40563)

 

[-0.39712]

[ 0.64791]

[ 3.24772]

[ 1.40235]

 
 
 
 
 

DLCRE(-1)

-0.038597

-0.022361

-0.001112

-0.043746

 

 (0.10475)

 (0.05033)

 (0.00931)

 (0.15593)

 

[-0.36847]

[-0.44426]

[-0.11947]

[-0.28054]

 
 
 
 
 

C

 0.044943

 0.011375

 0.010250

 0.081534

 

 (0.03286)

 (0.01579)

 (0.00292)

 (0.04891)

 

[ 1.36786]

[ 0.72046]

[ 3.50944]

[ 1.66699]

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 R-squared

 0.018626

 0.460327

 0.369117

 0.159525

 Adj. R-squared

-0.087469

 0.401984

 0.300914

 0.068663

 Sum sq. resids

 0.169449

 0.039125

 0.001339

 0.375508

 S.E. equation

 0.067674

 0.032518

 0.006015

 0.100742

 F-statistic

 0.175557

 7.890023

 5.411997

 1.755684

 Log likelihood

 56.17491

 86.95670

 157.8301

 39.46463

 Akaike AIC

-2.436900

-3.902700

-7.277622

-1.641173

 Schwarz SC

-2.230035

-3.695834

-7.070756

-1.434307

 Meandependent

 0.024032

 0.044809

 0.015141

 0.107987

 S.D. dependent

 0.064895

 0.042050

 0.007195

 0.104389

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 Determinant resid covariance (dof adj.)

 6.89E-13

 
 

 Determinantresid covariance

 4.15E-13

 
 

 Log likelihood

 360.3405

 
 

 Akaike information criterion

-16.20669

 
 

 Schwarz criterion

-15.37923

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Source : Calculs de l'auteur à l'aide du logiciel E-views 7

1. ANALYSE DYNAMIQUE

Graphique 2 : Réponses impulsionnelles

Source : Calculs de l'auteur à l'aide du logiciel E-views 7

Tableau 21 : Décomposition de la variance

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 Variance Decomposition of DLTC:

 
 
 
 
 

 Period

S.E.

DLTC

DLIPC

DLPIB

DLCRE

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 1

 0.067674

 100.0000

 0.000000

 0.000000

 0.000000

 2

 0.068052

 98.94231

 0.514105

 0.289580

 0.254000

 3

 0.068221

 98.61624

 0.574189

 0.555151

 0.254417

 4

 0.068261

 98.54769

 0.573745

 0.622220

 0.256347

 5

 0.068266

 98.53385

 0.576315

 0.633120

 0.256710

 6

 0.068268

 98.53041

 0.578511

 0.634376

 0.256699

 7

 0.068269

 98.52948

 0.579337

 0.634485

 0.256700

 8

 0.068270

 98.52925

 0.579556

 0.634492

 0.256706

 9

 0.068270

 98.52919

 0.579606

 0.634493

 0.256709

 10

 0.068270

 98.52918

 0.579616

 0.634493

 0.256710

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 Variance Decomposition of DLIPC:

 
 
 
 
 

 Period

S.E.

DLTC

DLIPC

DLPIB

DLCRE

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 1

 0.032518

 46.06213

 53.93787

 0.000000

 0.000000

 2

 0.041983

 59.25786

 40.02934

 0.488799

 0.224002

 3

 0.044055

 61.70960

 37.35262

 0.586692

 0.351087

 4

 0.044386

 62.12957

 36.90057

 0.589801

 0.380066

 5

 0.044426

 62.18400

 36.84281

 0.588733

 0.384461

 6

 0.044430

 62.18945

 36.83650

 0.589134

 0.384920

 7

 0.044431

 62.18988

 36.83571

 0.589455

 0.384955

 8

 0.044431

 62.18992

 36.83557

 0.589560

 0.384957

 9

 0.044431

 62.18993

 36.83553

 0.589584

 0.384958

 10

 0.044431

 62.18993

 36.83552

 0.589589

 0.384958

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 Variance Decomposition of DLPIB:

 
 
 
 
 

 Period

S.E.

DLTC

DLIPC

DLPIB

DLCRE

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 1

 0.006015

 5.233447

 2.447857

 92.31870

 0.000000

 2

 0.006939

 8.794009

 6.684828

 84.50087

 0.020293

 3

 0.007343

 13.48400

 8.818370

 77.67656

 0.021069

 4

 0.007522

 16.15959

 9.464995

 74.33959

 0.035823

 5

 0.007585

 17.19136

 9.615218

 73.14666

 0.046757

 6

 0.007604

 17.50595

 9.645541

 72.79727

 0.051238

 7

 0.007609

 17.58868

 9.651480

 72.70724

 0.052596

 8

 0.007610

 17.60876

 9.652739

 72.68556

 0.052942

 9

 0.007610

 17.61353

 9.653043

 72.68041

 0.053024

 10

 0.007610

 17.61467

 9.653124

 72.67916

 0.053042

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 Variance Decompositionof DLCRE:

 
 
 
 
 

Period

S.E.

DLTC

DLIPC

DLPIB

DLCRE

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 1

 0.100742

 21.79763

 0.388271

 0.014707

 77.79939

 2

 0.108233

 27.98171

 1.210369

 3.276086

 67.53183

 3

 0.109303

 28.40759

 1.543730

 3.816499

 66.23218

 4

 0.109766

 28.70628

 1.708388

 3.909788

 65.67555

 5

 0.109940

 28.84464

 1.766857

 3.919206

 65.46930

 6

 0.109999

 28.89676

 1.784058

 3.918980

 65.40020

 7

 0.110016

 28.91295

 1.788535

 3.918574

 65.37994

 8

 0.110021

 28.91738

 1.789632

 3.918450

 65.37453

 9

 0.110022

 28.91851

 1.789897

 3.918424

 65.37317

 10

 0.110023

 28.91879

 1.789963

 3.918419

 65.37283

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 Cholesky Ordering: DLTC DLIPC DLPIB DLCRE

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

1. TEST D'HYPOTHESE

a. Test de stabilité du var

Graphique 3 :Test de stabilité du var

Source : Calculs de l'auteur à l'aide du logiciel E-views 7

b. Test d'auto corrélation d'erreurs

Tableau 22 : Test d'auto corrélation d'erreurs

VAR Residual Serial Correlation LM Tests

Null Hypothesis: no serial correlation at lag order h

Date: 07/10/15 Time: 20:39

Sample: 2002Q1 2012Q4

Included observations: 42

 
 
 
 
 
 

Lags

LM-Stat

Prob

 
 
 
 
 
 

1

 14.97460

 0.5265

2

 16.57455

 0.4136

3

 15.73225

 0.4718

4

 45.14240

 0.5341

5

 6.628386

 0.9798

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Probs from chi-square with 16 df.

c. Test d'hétéroscedasticité

Tableau  23 :Test d'hétéroscedasticité

VAR Residual Heteroskedasticity Tests: Includes Cross Terms

 

Date: 07/10/15 Time: 20:41

 
 
 

Sample: 2002Q1 2012Q4

 
 
 

Included observations: 42

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

   Joint test:

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Chi-sq

Df

Prob.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 125.5734

140

 0.8033

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

   Individual components:

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Dependent

R-squared

F(14,27)

Prob.

Chi-sq(14)

Prob.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

res1*res1

 0.393438

 1.250942

 0.2983

 16.52440

 0.2824

res2*res2

 0.319592

 0.905862

 0.5631

 13.42286

 0.4935

res3*res3

 0.181868

 0.428715

 0.9505

 7.638452

 0.9073

res4*res4

 0.262779

 0.687431

 0.7666

 11.03672

 0.6831

res2*res1

 0.318392

 0.900874

 0.5677

 13.37248

 0.4974

res3*res1

 0.476979

 1.758800

 0.1011

 20.03313

 0.1291

res3*res2

 0.319516

 0.905546

 0.5634

 13.41967

 0.4938

res4*res1

 0.252668

 0.652036

 0.7979

 10.61204

 0.7162

res4*res2

 0.263308

 0.689309

 0.7649

 11.05893

 0.6814

res4*res3

 0.358971

 1.079986

 0.4155

 15.07680

 0.3729

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Source : Calculs de l'auteur à l'aide du logiciel E-views 7

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