Abstract
This mémory is part of the general theme of
architecture and town planning in the coastal environment, it emphasizes the
influences of the local context in architectural and urban production in these
spaces close to the shores of the sea. Particular attention is paid to the
regulations on architecture and town planning in this complex and vulnerable
coastal environment.
Most of the coastal areas are nowadays the most coveted by
man, these environments where the largest agglomerations of certain countries
are developing are threatened by exponential urbanization, which sometimes
generates environmental degradation and profound changes on the spatial plan.
Thanks to a growing international awareness of environmental issues, coastal
areas are today the subject of a new treatment in terms of management and
conservation, in particular for Mediterranean countries where efforts are more
manifested by emergence of coastal laws which take into account the local
specificities of these environments in order to protect them and to frame
increasing urbanization if not to slow it down.
In the case of Algeria, many of our coastal towns today
reflect a disgusting living environment and a deteriorating urban landscape,
negative consequences of a national policy that began after independence, and
of a single regulation for the whole national territory which does not take
into account the local specificities of places during architectural and urban
development operations, which amount to prohibitions on building on the strip
of 100 meters from the shore. It must be said that before 1962 the majority of
our coastal towns benefited from a typical architectural aspect adapted to the
environmental characteristics, despite the absence of laws governing
construction in areas close to the shores of the sea.
Keywords: Architecture, Town planning, Coastline, Laws
4
TABLE DES MATIÈRES
REMERCIEMENTS 02
RÉSUMÉ 03
TABLE DES MATIÈRES 04
I INTRODUCTION GENERALE 05
I.1 Contexte global du mémoire 05
I.2 Présentation de l'option A.Z.U.L 08
II ÉTAT DES CONNAISSANCES 12
SECTION 01. THÉMATIQUE GÉNÉRALE :
L'ARCHITECTURE ET L'URBANISME EN MILIEU
LITTORAL 12
II.1 Introduction de la section 12
II.2 Présentation de la ville littorale 14
Cas général 17
II.2.1 Sur le plan Urbanistique 17
II.2.2 Sur le plan Architectural. 29
II.2.3 Cas de la ville littorale Algérienne 38
II.3 Conclusion Section 01 51
SECTION 02. THÉMATIQUE SPÉCIFIQUE : LA
REGLEMENTATION EN MATIERE
D'ARCHITECTURE ET D'URBANISME EN MILIEU LITTORAL
53
II.1 Introduction de la section 53
II.2 Cas général 56
II.2.1 Mesures de protection du littoral 57
II.2.2 Les mesures
réglementaires instituées dans certains pays
Méditerranéens :
1. Cas de l'Espagne 59
2. Cas de la France 63
II.3 Cas de l'Algérie 73
II.4 Conclusion Section2 102
III CONCLUSION GÉNÉRALE 105
IV RÉFÉRENCE BIBLIOGRAPHIQUES
109
V LISTE DES FIGURES 115
5
| 
