1.5.a. Transfer : Source
of provisioning of the raw material clubs.
Admittedly, « the sport (passive) and the sporting
practice are used first of all for ludic or competitive ends, meet needs for
physical drive, health, relaxation or are simply intended for socialization and
the entertainment (characteristic constitutive of the term) (Rahmann and Al,
1998), Heinemann (1995), Hoffmann., Weber and Al (1995).
But, from a micro-economic point of view, it is obvious that
the sport is subjected to the economic laws, D `a share, parce qu `it satisfies
needs for the individuals and, thus, brings to them L `utility, D `another
share, parce qu `it consumes rare resources subjected of alternative use
(Büch, 1996, p. 23). The sporting practice itself thus has the value D `an
economic activity, even of an act of consumption «(Andreff W, 1999,
p.135).
C `is there qu `it is necessary to announce the birth in the
sport of the need for the transfer. The request S `is proven increasing
thereafter because of the repercussions from which the clubs profited which
resorted to it. This request is, aujourd `today with L `origin of true markets
of the sport where it meets a diversified and specialized offer and where the
preferences of the economic agents are revealed in price and quantities.
C `is what reflect the tables below, through which, it is
released clearly that the clubs, fairly or really rich person are rather
present lately on the crammed markets of D `and factors of production D `Africa
other developing countries like those D `Latin America, to proceed at low
prices to L `purchase of new talents, qu `they end up reselling at
paradoxically high cost.
« Indeed, in South America and Africa, the degree D
`organization of football weakest, if L `one considers the relationship between
the number of people practicing this sport and the number of bachelors, is
recorded and organized in clubs. This mass of the practice even more lorsqu
`they is framed form the bases on which S `builds to it spectacle-company
football. » (Charles André UDRY, 1998).
All the leading institutions of football knew that so that
this prosperous business, one would need qu `it gains shares of market.
Hereafter, figures drawing up the situation of the practice of
football in the world.
TABLE I. FOOTBALLERS IN THE WORLD.
|
CONTINENT
|
TOTAL LAY OFF
|
OTHERS
|
TOTAL
|
|
Europe
|
21.522.044
|
6.082.427
|
27.604.471
|
|
South America
|
2.164.190
|
18.134.000
|
20.829.383
|
|
concacaf
|
21.924.449
|
8.383.502
|
30.307.951
|
|
Africa
|
2.164.190
|
4.599.495
|
6.763.685
|
|
Asia
|
58.773.646
|
17.146.392
|
75.920.038
|
|
Oceania
|
684.993
|
235.867
|
920.860
|
|
TOTAL
|
107.764.705
|
58.581.683
|
162.346.388
|
TABLE II. PROFESSIONAL FOOTBALLERS IN THE
WORLD.
|
CONTINENT
|
NUMBERS
|
PERCENTAGE
|
|
Europe
|
22.958
|
52,8
|
|
South America
|
11.386
|
26,2
|
|
Concacaf
|
4.805
|
11
|
|
Africa
|
846
|
1,9
|
|
Asia
|
3.515
|
8,1
|
|
Oceania
|
0
|
0
|
|
TOTAL
|
43.520
|
100
|
Source of the tables: EPS, Paris, November December 1997.
The figures thus benches should know a light modification, but
which, as a whole would be far from reversing the weight of each continent.
The transfers are carried out on the basis of number of the
practice laid off at the international level. Here, the professional players,
points iceberg, are the target of the commercial and commercial aimings of the
richest clubs.
Knowing that L `Africa and L `South America, including L
`Asia, the latter, because of the fact that she still truly did not know the
popular enthusiasm of the football, contain enormous young people players with
the talent which does not need demonstration to continue with the eyes of the
world, the teams are supplied there without many difficulties. The transfer
thus makes it possible the profit clubs to be made associate the services of
the players, for the improvement of their performances, certainly, but also of
the increase in their profit.
The Barber economy of June 8, 1998 affirmed in this direction
that « the players represent to some extent the credits [within
the meaning of the credits of a company] of a team and that to control the
resale, the age of the player is also a major element ». This handle
does not amount per thousands. They acts rather of the players who ensure the
possibility their club of placing themselves in the profitable European
tournaments. Those which are ready to be sold by releasing a maximum
appreciation.
One will retain with UDRY that they are the players
« who, by their sporting productivity, attract sponsors and witnesses
supporters. Thus, they make it possible to make sales turnover and to deliver a
good profit margin.
Admittedly, Professor Késenne Stefan (1999, p. 2) at a
rate of thinking that the European clubs seek more of success than the profit,
expensive with the American sporting clubs, however, the logic of the profit
has, more and more, tendency to make beat a retreat the healthy mobile of
success, without claiming to draw aside it.
Accordingly, the transfer or the acquisition of the players
reassures the clubs. it is « an investment which will bring back a
profit ». (The Economist, June 1998).
This investment became the war-horse of certain European clubs
considered as belonging to richest.
TABLE III. THE EUROPEAN CLUBS RICHEST ACCORDING TO THE
SALES TURNOVER 1997 EXPRESSED IN MILLION FRENCH FRANCS.
.
|
CLUBS
|
SALES TURNOVERS
|
BENEFIT
|
|
Manchester United
|
620
|
+150
|
|
FC Barcelona
|
500
|
+40
|
|
Bayern Munich
|
480
|
+40
|
|
Juventus of Turin
|
480
|
+30
|
|
Real Madrid
|
440
|
+25
|
|
Milan AC
|
440
|
- 150
|
|
Borussia Dortmund
|
400
|
+40
|
|
Inter Milan
|
380
|
- 80
|
|
Newcastle United
|
380
|
- 180
|
|
Parma
|
350
|
- 15
|
|
Glasgow Rangers
|
320
|
+35
|
|
Paris-Saint-Germain
|
300
|
+25
|
|
Atletico Madrid
|
280
|
- 100
|
|
Ajax Amsterdam
|
250
|
- 20
|
|
Have Monaco
|
240
|
- 20
|
|
Source : Capital, September
1997
|
This classification underwent a light modification, as that
informs it besides which follows.
TABLE IV. 15 RICH PERSON CLUBS OF EUROPE ACCORDING TO
THE REVENUS'98/99 IN MILLION DOLLARS
|
CLUB
|
INCOME
|
|
Manchester United
|
165
|
|
Bayern Munich
|
118
|
|
Real Madrid
|
100
|
|
Barcelona
|
98
|
|
Chelsea
|
88
|
|
Juventus of Turin
|
83
|
|
Milan AC
|
77
|
|
Borussia Dortmund
|
76
|
|
Arsenal
|
72
|
|
Lazio of Rome
|
72
|
|
Inter Milan
|
70
|
|
Liverpool
|
67
|
|
New Castle United
|
66
|
|
Parma
|
63
|
|
Tottenham
|
63
|
Source : Deloitte and Touche, Close carryforwards, the
clubs, included in Time of June 5, 2000, p. 52.
| 
