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Environmental impacts on lake Azué௠in Haiti due to degradation of its watershed

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par Jodany FORTUNE
University of Puerto Rico -  2011
  

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3 III. Methodology

The methodology of this research study consists in literature review focused the causes of the degradation of Lake Azuei watershed causing impacts on its ecological balance. To achieve this, we will be collecting information on the study area (soil, climate, topography, land use) and on the physico-chemical parameters of Lake Azuei.

3.1 Geology

Lake Azuei constitutes a closed depression, a remnant of inlets which occupied the plain of the Cul-de-Sac probably during the Pleistocene (Quaternary) between the mountain of in Trou d'eau and the Massif de la Selle. The explanation for the formation of the lake has been assigned by Woodring et al, 1924, a deposition of alluvial sediments from the surrounding mountains. This lake is located in an alluvial plain bordered by mountain ranges mostly carbonate, ground and karstified (landscapes lapiaz) coral limestone and basalt, with variable topography (Pierre, 2008). It is at a distance about 30 km from the Bay of Port-au-Prince. Its functioning is related to rainfall and its power by the torrential waters and karst springs emerging from the massive and very bottom of the lake. The original side of the bank of the lake is about 20 m, the highest point between the lakeshore and coastline of the Bay of Port-au-Prince reached 38m where a vertical drop of 18 m.

3.2 Prevailing Winds

The waters of Lake Azuei are constantly under the influence steady winds of about 18 to 36 km / h. The prevailing winds are from the Dominican Republic. During hurricanes, winds raise waves of up to two meters amplitude (Michel, 2011).


3.3 The rainfall in the study area

The operation of the Lake Azuei is related to rainfall (600 mm annual average) and its power by the torrential waters and springs emerging from the massive karst and the lake bottom. During 2007, rainfall measured at meteorological stations in the Ministère de l'agriculture, des ressources naturelles et du développement rural (MARNDR ) at Thomaseau gave 1900 mm against 499 to 800 mm traditional, three times the average rainfall in the area.

The abundant rainfall in the chain of Trou d'Eau (North side) is caused the appearance of many sources in the bottom of the Lake Azuei. According to some experts, the karst structure of Trou d'Eau mountains would have facilitated the infiltration of rainwater that accumulates in a layer of clay below and cause the emergence of several underground sources or underground rivers that would discharge into the Lake Azuei temporarily.

Graph I: Jimani Station Average Monthly Precipitation (Romero and Poteau, 2011)

3.4 The watersheds of Lake Azuei

The watersheds of Lake Azuei consists of two slopes karstic mountain ranges (Woodring et al, 1924): the chain of Trou d'eau and the Massif de la Selle. It is the eastern extension of the chain of Matheux and a branch of the Sierra de Neiba in Dominican Republic. The chain of Selle is a mountain range located at south of Haiti. It extends to the Dominican Republic under the name chain of Baoruco. The lake drains the southern slopes of the chain of Trou d'Eau from which originate the majority of its sources. It also drains some of the water that comes from the North Slope of the chain of Selle.

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