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Beliefs and attitudes towards male domestic violence in South Kivu

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par Ndabuli Theophile Mugisho
University of KwaZulu Natal - Master 2011
  

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2.7 Conclusion

This chapter has reviewed literature regarding domestic violence. The literature review itself concentrated on the overview of violence. It has defined domestic violence and highlighted its different forms, causes and consequences in the family and in society. It discussed the context in which domestic violence is cultural. It also dealt with the prevalence of domestic violence and finally, the chapter connected power, masculinity and GBV. The aim of reviewing this literature was to discover the links that exist between men's domestic violence and the reasons that fuel it. Evidence has indicated that men resort to violence in the home because they want it and not by accident.

Nonetheless, the literature review has shown that violent men, mostly, apply violence in the home as a better way to resolve contentions. This is culturally accepted and supported by society as a natural way for men to assert power to and control members of the family. A society that is male dominated fosters masculinity based on power and requires women to be considered as inferior. The connection between superiority, maleness and GBV is real as men think this helps them become more respected. This is the prevailing principle of men's domestic abuse that underscores some of the underlying social roots of domestic violence in society.

CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH APPROACHES

3.1 Introduction

This chapter highlights the different methods and procedures that the researcher used for designing the research project, how data was collected, and the research sample. The chapter also draws attention to issues of ethics as well as the research's limitations.

The researcher was motivated to implement a qualitative research design because it is very effective in gaining deep, original meanings and being able to observe interactions. This method allowed him to obtain rich, in-depth data regarding beliefs and attitudes of male domestic violence in South Kivu.

3.2 Approaches for data collection and procedure

3.2.1 Approaches for data collection

For data collection, this research used a qualitative method with focus groups and in-depth interviews. To Strauss and Corbin (1992:17), qualitative methods are a generic word for investigative approaches that reach conclusions without statistical process or the kind of study that reaches findings via existent social situations in which factual interests are displayed in a natural context. Using such methods in the current research infers that they are portrayed as anthropological and naturalistic. This allowed the researcher to assemble data that focused on South Kivu men's perspectives regarding their beliefs and attitudes towards domestic violence in the province. In this way, Adler and Adler (1987:5) add that such a tactic scrutinises the qualities and characteristics of phenomena by observing the respondents in their natural settings, interactions and interviews. This is confirmed by Patton (2002:39) and Baily (1997:22), who explain that the aim of a naturalistic approach is to gain a perspective of what occurs where people live. This, in turn, is intended to keep the research from influencing the results. Because the phenomena under study are complex, the researcher did not think it would have been possible to answer the research questions using a quantitative approach. Subsequently the researcher used a qualitative approach for the simple reason that it remains a good tool that can empirically verify these facts by taking into account the respondents' points of view (Punch, 2005:35 and Marlow, 1998:13). Qualitative

methods deal with the description and understanding of the subjective meaning of people's attitudes and beliefs that support their stories (Grinnell, 1988:186). It is in this context that this research project uses an exploratory design by interviewing men who may have caused domestic violence, which generated awful consequences in the homes of South Kivu.

Qualitative research was selected to help the researcher to understand South Kivu males' beliefs and attitudes toward domestic violence. The role that variables play in the natural context in which they are considered at the moment of research is of importance. In valuing the relationship between the different variables in research, Baumgarter and Clinton (1998:46) believe that in collecting detailed information with open-ended questions, the researcher would be able to quote directly the respondents' statements. As a result, this may lead him to become important in research, which is different from quantitative procedures. On the other hand, when the researcher is using quantitative methods, he collects information using objective methods that provide data about relations, comparisons and predictions, which removes him from the research (Smith 1983:91).

No case is ever perfect. Qualitative approaches are criticised for being too subjective as they are not rigid with their techniques (Becker, 1996:21 and Adler and Adler, 1987:32). In the minds of Miles and Hubertman (1999:56), qualitative methods may depart from the original reasons for the research as responses may change the nature of the study. Alternatively, Patton (2002:103) disagrees that qualitative investigation supplies richer and more valid data compared to the information that is obtained via quantitative research tools. As to Blaxter et al. (2001:58), the importance is that `a good qualitative research study can help to understand a situation that would otherwise be enigmatic or confusing'.

As a consequence, qualitative research is vital in documenting oral and written data provided by the informants. In fact, Stebbins (2001:76) is convinced that qualitative approaches facilitate the collection of more detailed data on a given topic than any other research approach. This facilitation is favoured by the collaboration that is established between the researcher and the respondents in a qualitative research. This can actually grant more impartiality during the process of collecting the needed data on a given subject. In the same

line with Boas (1943:312), qualitative approaches allow the researcher to infer some information. Understanding the data gives the researcher a greater image of the problem, which allows him to enrich the natural and basic data into an explanation. Essentially this better fits the research in this study as a qualitative design offers a good opportunity for the researcher to collect more detailed data (Pamela and Richard, 1994:44). The picture, or a clear understanding of the context, aids in understanding the data considering that the other empirical information provides cross-reference and validation.

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