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Beliefs and attitudes towards male domestic violence in South Kivu

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par Ndabuli Theophile Mugisho
University of KwaZulu Natal - Master 2011
  

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3.3 Sample

The importance of researching on South Kivu male-focused domestic violence is motivated by the fact that the abuse is mostly perpetrated by men. It is in this context that the current research project concentrated on adult male respondents whose age varies between 26 and 69. Seven respondents were purposively selected from the local population. At the start, the researcher sought help from the local leadership in order to help him in selecting the respondents. Then, the researcher invited all the selected people to participate to the different group talks.

Such a selection inferred purposive sampling, which means that the researcher selects the sample population considering their knowledge of the phenomena of the study (Polit and Hungler, 1999:12). The main reason for the researcher to choose sampling was that it saves time of research activities and money that would not be used since the number of the cases involved was reduced. To Mann (1985:16), this denotes intensive effort in obtaining high quality information about a very compressed number of the issues that will be studied on a given topic. On the whole, in case the researcher decides to use a random sampling process, each individual in the community would have an equal chance to be considered in the sampling process for the research (Bailey, 1982:29). The group of men who were selected for

the research were a good selection because they represented a broader community, that is, South Kivu. The selected people were interviewed; their attitudes and beliefs combined to present a more global view of the whole community than the researcher had been studying (Mann, 1985:30).

In order to limit the sampling structure, the researcher took into account the population target of some men from South Kivu province. Although the number of respondents was much reduced and did not cover the total population of the province, it remained representative and illustrative. Accordingly, such selection contests the scope to which this research outcomes can be generalised because of the reduced size of the sample that is used. The research deals with the beliefs and attitudes of male domestic violence in the area. Its results will complement the many previous ones that have been conducted on the same issue in the same province. This research was intended to enrich the understanding of men's beliefs and attitudes concerning domestic abuse.

3.4 Data analysis

After the researcher had collected the necessary information he needed for this study, he had to analyse it. Data analysis was of paramount importance to this research because it helped the researcher to uncover and make a real explanation of how South Kivu men think of domestic violence. Congruent with Holloway and Wheeler (1996:72), information dissection is the means through which the researcher reaches his objective of digging out how people live the situation that is under phenomenological study. This required that the researcher used thematic analysis in order to scrutinise the collected information regarding males' beliefs and attitudes about abuse in the homes.

Holliday (2007:93) describes that `thematic analysis allows a researcher with qualitative method and design to develop themes and use a check on consistency of judgement'. In addition to this, the researcher sought to discover the different themes by interpretation, which is normally a good way for scrutinising talks and interviews. This process required the researcher to grasp the themes that came from the information gathered during the focus groups discussions and interviews that emphasized men's attitudes and beliefs regarding

domestic abuse. Collected data was analysed and interpreted to seek patterns of meanings regarding men's beliefs and attitudes of domestic violence in this province. To Amin (2005:43), this is a sure way for the researcher to determine specific themes and patterns of behaviour and attitudes,which helps him to understand the social context that people consider when they use abuse in the home.

Punch (2005:58) states that thematic analysis is a common method used for interpreting social reality. The researcher checked what themes could be deduced from the respondents' answers to the focus groups and in-depth interview questions. If we consider beliefs and attitudes towards domestic violence, the `researcher's opinion must be as close as possible to the majority of the informants' (Vicsek, 2007:22). This infers that the respondents may have personal and changeable internal views that are centred on a given situation under study. Since the researcher cannot have the whole truth of the respondent's internal views, he has to quote excerpts from their contributions to the various discussions that occurred in different units (Strauss, 1992:32). Given that various interviewees may provide different opinions in quantity as well as in quality during focus group discussion, Parker and Tritter (2006:35) insist that during data analysis, the researcher must not consider everything the respondents say. This means that information breakdown requires a sound and logical assessment of interviewees' global discussion and also the environment changes that may possibly affect the degree of their input during the discussions in their own units.

On the other hand, during information scrutiny the views of the discussion groups may change and there may appear a difference of attitudes and beliefs in the same team. The researcher should not neglect the interviewees' openness in conveying their views regarding South Kivu men's beliefs and attitudes towards domestic violence. For that reason, the researcher checked whether interviewees' opinions had not been impacted by the number of individuals who represented the minority attitude in the team and possibly their social status. But in the mind of Mouton (2001:68), the difference that exists between the majority and the minority's opinions in different teams and how identical the views of the majority makes another substantial modifying reason.

The above arguments reveal that all the participants would not contribute equally to the discussions in their respective teams. In other words, it was possible that some members of the group talks failed to express appropriately their personal beliefs and attitudes towards domestic violence simply because they considered the mate's contribution as not his own personal and internal opinion. Sharp (2002:64) recommends that the researcher must think basically on the different responses that the respondents will provide. This assumes that the researcher explored, refined deeply and considered the participants' points of view and not the way in which they were producing them. Such analysis allowed the researcher to typify similarities and power of South Kivu men's beliefs and attitudes that induce violence in the home and therefore stimulate the culture of domestic violence in the province.

All things considered, the researcher did not neglect the diverse groups' atmosphere and mood during discussions. Lunt and Livingstone (1996:83) state that these factors remain very influential to the various participants' opinions and the researcher will have to indicate this during information breakdown. This depended much on how the researcher promoted group members to speak in a relaxing way. In addition, Mack et al. (2005:54) urge the researcher to do everything he can to ensure that confidence and freedom among team members during group discussions are encouraged. In reality, this shows how each participant is feeling when he is motivated to unreservedly provide more private data about himself, which also makes him believe that he is in a safe and trustworthy environment to relate attitudes and beliefs that will not encounter any social expectation (Vicsek, 2007:25).

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