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Beliefs and attitudes towards male domestic violence in South Kivu

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par Ndabuli Theophile Mugisho
University of KwaZulu Natal - Master 2011
  

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1.7 Difficulties encountered

Like any research, this research project about the beliefs and attitudes of South Kivu men towards domestic violence could not be conducted without difficulties.

Among the teething troubles the researcher encountered during this research was time shortage. In fact, if there was more time allocated to this research project, the researcher would organise many focus group and in-depth discussions in different areas and with more individuals than he currently did, which would enrich the data to this research. But the researcher had to abide to the university allocated time regarding dissertation writing.

The other problem the researcher faced was that some respondents' opinions were not clear enough. This situation could generate difficulties for him to better interpret their views. Ultimately, this obliged him to meet them after the interview in order to get common understanding of the information that was provided in an unclear way.

And finally, some of the respondents would be absent the day of the interview, which made it a bit difficult to organise.

CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW ON DOMESTIC VIOLENCE

2.1 Introduction

Literature review, according to Terre Blanche and Durrheim (1999:79), helps to integrate the results of previous researches on a topic. Therefore, this section provides the literature on domestic violence towards women. Nevertheless, it also overviews violence in general and tackles the different forms, causes, damages and the culture of domestic abuse. It discusses its prevalence and finally, it details the link between power, masculinity and GBV.

2.2 Overview on violence

Violence is a premeditated response an individual chooses to bring to a problem. It includes various aspects such as domestic violence, cultural cleansing, political violence and environment devastation (Harris, 2008:2). The full understanding of how these factors interplay with violence can help move toward its reduction in society (Krug et al., 2002:346). When facing a contentious situation, many people choose to be violent. The use of force refers to tangible and sometimes presaged physical or psychological harm to the other (Frieze and Browne, 1999:32).

Violence is prevalent because several traditions and cultures support male's beliefs and attitudes of violence, as commented by Kent (1993:102). In addition, Harris and Lewis (1999:32) state that the proliferation of violence stems from social, political and economic compositions in an area that neglects it.

Violence has many forms; it ranges from macro level where government makes people suffer in different ways. This is referred to as structural violence: the `quiet process, working slowly in the way of misery in general and hunger in particular, erodes and finally kills human beings' (Galtung, 1990:145).

Another example is GBV. This kind of violence can be perpetrated by a sex on the other; thus both men and women can be victims (Arias and Pape, 1993:33). Generally, gender inequality causes men to abuse women and girls without fear as the latter are considered as `objects'

(Ewing, 2003:74). However, occasionally, women also abuse family members by revenge. For instance, violent women have caused awful injuries to their victims by burning, biting or cutting them with a sharp tool and at times they refuse food to children and husbands (Nangolo and Peltzer, 2003:34).

Physical assault is another illustration of violence. This is the acute form or abusive stage of violence, as argued by Nangolo and Peltzer (2003:37). In this form of violence, serious bodily injuries are inflicted to the victim.

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