ABSTRACT
The fight against the terrorism is without any doubt a legal
and necessary preoccupation of the international community and States itself.
The states have not only rights, but also the duties to protect their citizens
against the terrorist threat. To carry out this fight, howether with
determination, but always in respect of fundamental rights of human being seems
not be itself, since the violence of terrorist threat has reached a level of
barbary than before.
In USA, this fight passes through emergency legislations. In
this framework, the analysis of violation of fundamental rights should be in
range of the one relating to classic states of emergency. Howether, it seems to
be difficult in defining the fight against terrorism throughout the states of
emergency considering the principal characteristics of state of emergency:
temporal and geographical delimitation.
Based on field research, we found that there are many
difficulties to respect the fundamental rights in fight against terrorism
through classic states of emergency based on the specific character of the
threat. In this way, temporality becomes permanent emergency legislation, the
principal of legality fails for the lack of definition of terrorism and the
principle of non-discrimination loses its place due to constitutionals clauses.
In addition, the revendication of the executive for its prerogatives during the
time of war violates rights for habeas corpus of detainees suspected of
terrorism through emergency legislation in place, and this because of
inadequate application of Geneva Convention on the war against terrorism.
This research work insists on demonstrating the inefficacity
of emergency legislations to preserve fundamentals rights with endeavor to come
up with contribution on research of a solution. Therefore, this research
suggests the constitutionalism of terrorism and the creation of an
international court which would have jurisdiction to adjudicate acts of
terrorism as a guaranty of due process of law.
INCAMAKE
Urugamba rwo kurwanya icyago cy'iterabwoba ni umurimo
ntashidikanywaho wemewe n'amategeko kandi ngombwa w'umuryango mpuzamahanga
ndetse n'ibihigu. Ibihugu bifite uburenganzira ndetse n'inshingano byo kurinda
abaturage babyo iterabwoba. Urwo rugamba rwakorwa n'ukwiyemeza guhambaye, ariko
buri gihe hubahirizwa uburenganzira bw'ibanze bw'ikiremwamuntu bisa nk'aho
bidashoboka, cyane cyane kuva igihe ubugome bw'iterabwoba bwafashe intera ya
kinyamanswa ntagereranywa.
Muri
leta zunze ubumwe z'Amerika, urwo rugamba rwifashisha amategeko adasanzwe. Muri
urwo rwego, isuzuma ry'ihonyora ry'uburenganzira bw'ibanze ryagombye kujya mu
murongo w'ibijyanye n'ibihe by'amage bya kera. Ariko rero, bisa nkaho bigoye mu
gusobanura urugamba rwo kurwanya iterabwoba hifashishijwe ibihe by'amage
ugendeye ku biranga ibyo bihe: kuba byakagombye kumara igihe gito ahantu
hagenwe.
Mu
bushakashatsi twakoze, twasanze hari ingorane zijyanye no kubaha uburenganzira
bw'ibanze mu rugamba rwo kurwanya iterabwoba twifashishije ibihe by'amage bya
kera bitewe n'umwihariko w'iterabwoba. Bityo, ihame ry'igihe gito rihinduka
iry'igihe kirekire kw'amategeko adasanzwe, ihame ry'ukubaho kw'itegeko mbere
y'uko igikorwa cyitwa icyaha rita agaciro bitewe no kubura igisobanuro
cy'iterabwoba, ndetse n'ihame ryo kutavangura ubwenegihugu ntiryubahirizwa
bitewe n'ibiteganywa n'itegeko-nshinga. Nyuma y'ibyo kandi, ukwitwaza
kw'ubuyobozi kw'ububasha-ngenerwa mu bihe by'amage bihonyora uburenganzira mu
kwiregura kw'abakekwaho iterabwoba kuko iyubahirizwa kw'amasezerano y'I Geneve
ritajyanye n'intambara yo kurwanya iterabwoba.
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