Communication politique et séduction à travers la Déclaration de politique générale du Premier ministre Idrissa Seck à l'Assemblée nationale le 03 février 2003

2.2 Communication :

Communication comes from Latin communicare and means to share, to divide. But this design first will develop to take into account the concept of diffusion of information, in particular with the appearance of supports of diffusion to broad spectrum. Thus we distinguish two principal forms from communication. On the one hand, we have the direct or interpersonal communication, which returns to the direction first of division, and relates to the direct exchange of information between at least two individuals. In addition, we have the communication « médiatée » which is based on supports in order to convey information. Domenica Wolton uses the expressions « normative communication » and « functional communication » (Wolton 1997) to indicate these two forms of communication. One of the first attempts at rather complete description of the communication is provided to us, through the formulation of one « diagram of the communication » (Jakobson 1963 : 214). This diagram intervenes, certainly, after that of Shannon and Wiever, but has the merit to try to organize the various pools of the communication which would be the recipient, the sender, the context, the message, the contact and the code, around 6 functions with knowing the emotive function, the referential function, the conative function, the poetic function, the phatic function and the function metalinguistics.

CONTEXT

SENDER MESSAGE RECIPIENT

CONTACT

CODE

Figure 2 Diagram of Jakobson

This diagram of Jakobson, in spite of its clearness and its simplicity, does not remain about it less - because it east can be too simple, prone to dispute on behalf of several linguists.^18(*) We will thus not reconsider this debate largely evoked by more indicated than us. We will be satisfied to propose the reformulation of the diagram of Jakobson by Orecchioni (Orecchioni 1999 : 22)^19(*).

Compétences

Linguistique et

para-linguistique

Compétences

Idéologique

et culturelle

Déterminations

« psy- »

Compétences

linguistique et

para-linguistique

Compétences

Idéologiques

et culturelles

Déterminations

« psy- »

Contraintes

de l'univers

de discours

Modèle de

production

Modèle

d'interprétation

Contraintes

de l'univers

de discours

EMETEUR

RECEPTEUR

REFERENT

Encodage - MESSAGE - décodage

Canal

Figure 3 Diagram of the communication of Orecchioni

This diagram of the communication, worked out by Orecchioni, is appropriate doubly for the corpus being the subject of our study. Initially, on the generic level, in what it extremely well adapts to the political speech, field to which raises the Declaration of general policy. Then, in the methodological plan, in what it confers an important place on competences ideological and cultural like with the psychological determinations. All capital things in the mode of projection and reception of the ethos which constitutes the principal axis from which we will study the seduction.

* ¹⁸ See on this subject work of Klinkenberg (Klinkenberg 1996  : 59-64).

* ¹⁹ This reformulation introduces several concepts. D `access that of receiver for which one substitutes the concept of recipient, thus laying the stress on the concept of feedback or information feedback  ; but especially the fragmentation undergone by the code. This one is rather presented in an interactive dynamics with the concepts of  «  encoding  » and of «  decoding  », of model of production and model of interpretation. Moreover, a particular stress is laid on «  ideological and cultural competences  » as well as «  psychological determinations «.