Communication politique et séduction à travers la Déclaration de politique générale du Premier ministre Idrissa Seck à l'Assemblée nationale le 03 février 2003

2.3 Policy :

The Greek root, « polished », which means quoted, confers on the word « policy » its common direction of « art to manage the City ». However, the adjectival form of the word « policy » refers to two different substantives of kind like A distinguished so well Philippe Braud : the policy and the policy (Braud 1992). The policy being the field of the action and the reports/ratios of being able ; the policy, practice of the word and the notation symbolic.

However, this distinction between the policy and the policy become porous if the dimension of the word is integrated. Indeed, the exercise of the word, that Braud associates the policy is, at the same time, indissociable of the policy which would be, according to him, sphere of activity and space of being able. Indeed, the word does not constitute it one of the most important instruments of conquest and conservation of the capacity ? Moreover, from Austin, we know that « to say, it is to make » (Austin 1970) ; word, the language, not being more one simple mean of communication reduced to its simple dimension locutoire, but an instrument  D `action strongly marked by its functions illocutoires even perlocutoire^20(*).

That is all the more proven for the political field which is almost indissociable exercise of the word. Moreover, of the political speech, Bourdieu says to us that it is :

a prediction which aims at making occur what it states; it practically contributes to the reality of what it announces by the fact of stating it, to envisage it and to make it envisage, to make it conceivable and especially believable and to thus create the collective representation and the will which can contribute to produce it . (Bourdieu 1992 : p.150)

From where the difficulty in determining, with precision, the concept « policy », as J.P. Gourévitch concedes it, who provides of it us a definition which one would describe as « structural »:

The policy is a circle whose center is everywhere and the circumference nowhere. The policy is a search for contract between professionals who claim an agreement of the opinion on the course to be followed free to fix the best mode of navigation of it, and this opinion which delegates good liking of it to them badly liking the determination of the methods and the tempo while following or by controlling the adventures of the course. (Gourévitch 1998 : p.14)

However that another, as reconciling the two poles of the political concept, defines it as « a fight for the appropriation of sign-capacity. » (Bonnafous 1995 : 68)

Consequently, the policy is not simply circumscribed with the direct actors that are the persons in charge for the parties, but includes also their targets, namely, the citizen-voter and the intermediaries consisted the media actors.

* ²⁰ Within the framework of the theory of the acts of languages conceived by Searle, each statement comprises an aspect locutoire, an aspect illocutoire and an aspect perlocutoire. The aspect locutoire returns to the syntactic and semantic characteristics «objective» of the statement, the aspect illocutoire with the value of note which takes the statement and the aspect perlocutoire the concrete effect that the statement in the real world produces, or success or the effectiveness rate of this statement.