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Biologie et Médecine

Bioconversion enzymatique des composés phénoliques des effluents issus de l'extraction d'huile d'olive: une voie prometteuse de valorisation par la production de l'hydroxytyrosol naturel

( Télécharger le fichier original )
par Manel HAMZA KARRAY
Université de Sfax école nationale d'ingénieurs de Sfax - Doctorat en biologie 2013

précédent sommaire

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Conclusion et Perspectives

des extraits de margine a été observé suite à la bioconversion des composés phénoliques des margines par les deux formes d'enzyme avec un taux de bioconversion plus faible observé avec l'enzyme immobilisée qui diminue de 50%.

L'étude comparative de la bioconversion des composés phénoliques des margines par différentes enzymes commerciales et pures a indiqué que la préparation enzymatique d'A. niger a le même effet que le viscozyme et la â-glucosidase purifiée pour la libération de HT. L'estérase pure n'a aucun effet sur cette finalité.

La bioconversion à grande échelle a été conduite pour biotransformer les composés phénoliques de 40 litres de margine de Nord et 15 litres de margine MSP et MCC de Sfax. Ceci a permis l'amélioration de la concentration de l'hydroxytyrosol de 2,70 ; 3,61 et 1,77 fois que le contrôle dans le cas de margine Nord, MSP et MCC respectivement. Le projet enzymatique de pré-traitement peut s'avérer utile non seulement pour les applications de laboratoire, mais aussi pour étendre la capacité d'application à l'echelle pilote pour le recyclage des margines. L'application des procédés de filtration membranaire permet la récupération de quatre grandes fractions liquides dans différents pourcentages volumétriques, qui sont tous adaptés pour un usage commercial en agroalimentaire, nutritionnel et cosmétique. Dans le concentrat ultime obtenu seulement 24% d'hydroxytyrosol ont été recupéré. De plus, le nouveau produit obtenu obéi aux besoins alimentaires; voir que son pH est légèrement acide, elle est concentrée en hydroxytyrosol et le sucre réducteur, il contient des minéraux bénéfiques pour la santé et ne contient pas de métaux lourds ou de produits chimiques.

Pour la poursuite de ce travail, plusieurs autres axes de recherche pourraient être développés :

- Pour une application industrielle l'enrichissement les margines en
hydroxytyrosol, une bioconversion en continue de l'hydroxytyrsol devrait être envisagée.

- Pour conserver les activités de l'hydroxytyrsol on doit protéger la fonction

ortho-diphénol contre l'oxydation. Pour cela, il est nécessaire de développer une méthode biologique permettant d'acétyler les différents groupements hydroxyles de l'hydroxytyrosol.

- Pour valoriser la méthode de production de l'hydroxytyrol nous proposons

d'étudier son application dans plusieurs secteurs industriels tels que l'industrie

Conclusion et Perspectives

agroalimentaire et l'industrie cosmétique. L'hydroxytyrosol pourrait être testé dans des jus, des huiles alimentaires et dans des produits à application cutanné.

153

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République Tunisienne Ecole Doctorale

Sciences et Technologies Thèse

Génie Biologique

N° d'ordre: GB

Ministère de l'Enseignement Supérieur,de la Recherche Scientifiqueet de la Technologie

Université de Sfax

École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax

BIOCONVERSION ENZYMATIQUE DES COMPOSES PHENOLIQUDES DES
EFFLUENTS ISSUS DE L'EXTRACTION D'HUILE D'OLIVE : UNE VOIE
PROMETTEUSE DE VALORISATION PAR LA PRODUCTION DE
L'HYDROXYTYROSOL NATUREL.

Manel Hamza Karray

Résumé: Au cours de ce travail, nous avons étudié et optimisé la production de 13-glucosidase par fermentation en milieu liquide du son de blé par Aspergillus niger. Un essai de la production de 13-glucosidase dans un fermenteur de 100 litre a été entrepri et a permis l'obtention de 3895 UI/ml comme activité maximale. L'utilisation de la préparation enzymatique d'A. niger pour l'hydrolyse des margines a montré une augmentation significative de la concentration de l'hydroxytyrosol. L'effet hydrolytique de la préparation enzymatique produite lors de ce travail a été comparable à celui trouvé lors de l'hydrolyse de margines par la 13-glucosidase pure. La bioconversion a été entreprise à grande échelle pour biotransformer les composés phénoliques de 40 litres de margine de Nord et 15 litres de margine MSP et MCC de Sfax. Ceci a permis l'amélioration de la concentration de l'hydroxytyrosol de 2,70 ; 3,61 et 1,77 fois dans le cas de margine Nord, MSP et MCC respectivement. Une série de procédés a été par la suite effectuée pour la purification et la concentration de l'hydroxytyrosol. Une microfiltration, une ultrafiltration de 70 litres de margine hydrolysée et une concentration du perméat de l'UF ont été effectuées dans l'ordre. Uniquement 24% d'hydroxytyrosol a été récupéré dans le concentrat final. Le nouveau produit obtenu obéi aux besoins alimentaires.

Mots clés Aspergillus niger, 13-glucosidase, fermentation en milieu liquide, margine, hydrolyse enzymatique, composés phénoliques, antioxydants, microfiltration, ultrafiltration.

Abstract: During this work, we have studied and optimized the 13-glucosidase production by liquid state fermentation of wheat bran by Aspergillus niger. A trial production of 13-glucosidase in a fermenter with 100 liters was companies and helped obtain 3895 IU/ml as the maximum activity. The use of A. niger enzyme preparation for olive mill wastewater (OMW) hydrolysis showed a significant increase of simples phenolics and reduced sugars. The hydrolytic effect of the enzyme preparation produced during this study was comparable to that found during the hydrolysis of OMW by different commercial enzyme preparations. The bioconversion was carried out large-scale biotransformation of phenolic compounds of 40 liters of North OMW and 15 liters of MSP and MCC from Sfax. This has helped improve the concentration of hydroxytyrosol 2.70, 3.61 and 1.77 times in the case North OMW, MSP and MCC respectively. A series of processes was subsequently performed for the purification and concentration of hydroxytyrosol. Microfiltration, ultrafiltration of 70 liters of hydrolyzed OMW and concentration of the UF permeate were carried out in order. Only 24% of hydroxytyrosol was recovered in the final concentrate. The new product obtained obeyed the dietary needs.

Key-words Aspergillus niger, 13-glucosidase, liquid state fermentation, OMW, enzymatic hydrolysis, phenolic compounds, antioxydants, microfiltration, ultrafiltration.

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