3 Objectives
The main objective was originally to produce a methodology which
Oxfam can use in
the rest of their project regarding excreta management. After
consultation with Oxfam staff in England, it was proposed that the main
objective should be revised to an evalu- ation of the excreta management
situation in Cap-Haitien, and putting forward recom- mendations for possible
options. The originally suggested methodology was to involve Sanitation
Marketing; further discussion with Steven Sugden for the London School of
Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM) helped to understand this topic, and to
realise that marketing is only part of the available options.
The sub-objectives were as follows:
1. Gain an understanding of Cap-Haitien's situation, the
problems of sanitation in slums, and social marketing techniques by completing
a literature review.
2. Analyse the sanitation situation in Cap-Haitien: Identify
the different stakeholders (public, private, beneficiaries, NGOs...) and their
capacities, analyse the current defecation practices.
3. Analyse social, economic, cultural and motivating
factors affecting sanitation choice in Cap-Haitien, and identify problems and
constraints.
4. Put forward recommendations which could be implemented as
part of the EU Water & Sanitation project, and identify limitations of such
recommendations.
The original final objective proposed by Oxfam was to design a
methodology for pro- moting different latrine options which could be
implemented within the project. How- ever, this was found to be both too
restrictive (as it was limited to «latrine options» thus hardware)
and too wide (as designing a whole methodology could be considered out of
the scope of an M.Sc student).
Rémi Kaupp
4 Description of research
4.1 Programme
The research was divided in three parts: the background
literature review (Section 2) was carried out in May, June and early July 2006,
along with meeting Oxfam staff in Oxford to get information on Haiti. Eleven
weeks were then spent in Cap-Haitien, and
the dissertation and reports were written back in England. The
original work programme
in Cap-Haitien was:
· 2 weeks for the introduction, semi-structured
interview with main stakeholders
(Section 4.2.1), visiting the area (Section 4.2.2) and
investigating past projects.
· 1 to 2 week to prepare the survey, test it, and plan
where to do it in terms of target areas and number of households.
· 2 to 3 weeks to conduct the survey in designated
areas (Section 4.2.3).
· 1 week for the analysis of results and planning of
the next phase.
· 2 to 3 weeks were left for further work depending on
the survey results, which could include focus group discussions and / or
in-depth interviews.
· 1 to 2 weeks to produce the report & present
findings.
This programme was mostly followed for its first part; after
the survey, the researcher was very fortunate to have Steven Sugden, from the
London School of Hygiene, to come during a week and perform some of the
activities with him. Thus the final three weeks consisted in conducting a focus
group discussion (Section 4.2.4), organising a workshop with partner
organisations (Section 4.2.5), following up a part of the survey in Mansui,
testing the Arborloo in this area, and presenting findings to the staff.
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