WOW !! MUCH LOVE ! SO WORLD PEACE !
Fond bitcoin pour l'amélioration du site: 1memzGeKS7CB3ECNkzSn2qHwxU6NZoJ8o
  Dogecoin (tips/pourboires): DCLoo9Dd4qECqpMLurdgGnaoqbftj16Nvp


Home | Publier un mémoire | Une page au hasard

 > 

Using tree- ring analysis to study the growth performance from saplings to trees for five savanna species in West Africa

( Télécharger le fichier original )
par Cocou A. F. Sinsin
Université d'Abomey- Calavi (Bénin ) - Master of science  2009
  

précédent sommaire suivant

Bitcoin is a swarm of cyber hornets serving the goddess of wisdom, feeding on the fire of truth, exponentially growing ever smarter, faster, and stronger behind a wall of encrypted energy

6. CONCLUSION

Dendrochronology was demonstrated in the present study like a vital method of juvenile tree dating. All investigated species are sensible to abiotic factors and especially rainfall that determine the distinctiveness of ring boundary. The oldest sample tree was 33 years old whereas the youngest was 5 years old. The variability in wood anatomy of the studied species could be used to understand the diversity in tropical forest. The events of fire on tropical ecosystems and especially its impact on tree growth w as studied and revealed that West African ecosystems are not always controlled by human pressure. Further research works on these ecosystems with emphasis on endangered species by using tree -ring analysis approach for developing news forest management actions are need.

7. LITERATURE CITED

ADU-BREDU S., FOUA T. B. A., BOUILLET J. P., KOUAME M. M., YAMOAH K. S., & SAINT-ANDRE L., 2008. An explicit stem profile model for forked and un -forked teak (Tectona grandis) trees in West Africa. Forest ecology and management, 255(7): 2189 -2203.

BAKER P. J., 2003. Tree age estimation for the tropics: A test from the southern Appalachians. Ecological Applications ISSN 1051-0761 CODEN ECAPE7; 13(6):1718- 1732.

BAKER P. J., PALMER G. J. & D'ARRIGO R., 2008. The dendrochronology of Callitris intratropica in northern Australia: annual ring structure, chronology development and climate correlations. Australian Journal of Botany; 56(4):311-320.

BOURIAUD O., LEBAN J.-M., BERT D. & DELEUZE C., 2005. Intra-annual variations in climate influence growth and wood density of Norway spruce. Tree Physiology 25: 651- 660.

BRIENEN R. J.W., 2005. Tree rings in the tropics: a study on growth and ages of Bolivian rain forest trees. PhD Thesis, Universiteit Utrecht, 139p. PROMAB Scientific Series 10.

BRIENEN R. J.W., LEBRILA E., BREUGUEL V. M. & MARTINEZ-RAMOS M., 2007. Dating tropical trees in secondary forests along chronsequences. ESA/SER Joint Meeting. (10): 72-102.

BRUNKEN U., SCHMIDT M., DRESSLER S., JANSSEN T., THIOMBIANO A., & ZIZKA G., 2008. West African plants. A photo Guide. w ww. Westafricanplants.senchenberg.de. -forschungsinstitut senchenberg, Frankfurt / Main, Germany.

COPENHEAVER A. C., POKORSKI A. E., C URRIE J. E. & ABRAMS D. M., 2006. Causation of false ring formation in Pinus banksiana: A comparison of age, canopy class, climate and growth rate. Forest Ecology and Management, 236 (2-3):348-355.

COSTER C, 1927. Zur Anatomie und Physiologie der Zuwachszonen und Jahresringbildung in den Tropen I. Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, 37: 105-119.

CULLEN E. L., ADAMS A. M., ANDERSON J. M. & GRIERSON F. P., 2008. Analyses of 13C and 18O in tree rings of Callitris columellaris provide evidence of a change in stomatal control of photosynthesis inresponse to regional changes in climate. Tree Physiology 28: 1525-1533.

DESTA F. F., RAY R. H. J. & COLBERT J., 2003. Influence of topographic aspect, precipitation and drought on radial growth of four major tree species in an Appalachian watershed. Forest Ecology and Management, 177(1-3):409-425.

DEZZEO N., WORBES M., ISHII I., & HERRERA R., 2003. Annual tree rings revealed by radiocarbon dating in seasonally flooded forest of the Mapire River, a tributary of the lower Orinoco River, Venezuela. Vegetatio 168(1):165-175.

ENGLAND R. J. & ATTIWILL M. P., 2007. Changes in sapwood permeability and anatomy with tree age and height in the broad -leaved evergreen species Eucalyptus regnans. Tree Physiology 27: 1113-1124.

FICHTLER E., CLARK A. D. & WORBES M., 2006. Age and Long-term Growth of Trees in an Old-growth Tropical Rain Forest, Based on Analyses of Tree Rings and 14C . Biotropica, 35(3):306 - 317.

GUYETTE P. R. & STAMBAUGH C. M., 2004. Post-oak fire scars as a function of diameter, growth and tree age. Forest Ecology and Management, 198(1-3):183-192.

HALL L. R. M., 2008. The fire history of a 416-years-old western larch tree in southeastern Britisch Columbia. BC Journal of Ecosystems and Management 9(2): 5 -10.

HENNENBERG K. J., 2005. Vegetation ecology of forest -savanna ecotones in the comoe National Park (Ivory Coast): Border and ecotone detection, core area analysis and ecotone dynamics. Ph-D dissertation, University of Rostock (Germany). 108 pages.

HENNENBERG K. F., FISHER F., KOUADIO K., GOETZE D., ORTHMANN B., LINSENMAIR K. E., JELTSCH F. & POREMBSKI S., 2006. Phytomass and fire occurrence along forest-savanna transects in the Comoé National Park, Ivory Coast. Journal of Tropical Ecology 22: 303-311.

KENICHI Y., SACHIE I., TAKAYUKI K., EITARO F., YUTAKA M., MITSUTOSHI K., HIROYUKI T., TAKAYOSHI K. & RYO F., 2004. Effects of elevated CO2 concentration on growth, annual ring structure and photosynthesis in Larix kaempferi seedlings. Tree Physiology 24: 941-949.

Martínez-Ramos M. & Alvarez-Buylla E. R., 1998. How old are tropical rain forest trees? Trends in plant science 3: 400-405.

MUNDO A. I, BARRERA D. M. & ROIG A. F., 2007. Testing the utility of Nothofagus pumilio for dating a snow avalanche in Tierra del Fuego, Argentina. Dendrochronologia, 25(1):19-28.

NYGÄRD R., SAWADOGO L. & ELFVING B., 2004. Wood-fuel yields in short-rotation coppice growth in the north Sudan savanna in Burkina Faso. Forest Ecology and Management, 18 (1-3):77-85.

NOVAK K., CHERUBINI P., SAURER M., FUHRER J., SKELLY M. J., KRÄUCHI N. & SCHAUB M., 2007. Ozone air pollution effects on tree -ring growth, 13C, visible foliar injury and leaf gas exchange in three ozone -sensitive woody plant species. Tree Physiology 27: 941-949.

ORTHMANN B., 2005. Vegetation ecology of woodland-savanna mosaic in central Benin (west Africa): ecosystem analysis with a focus on the impact of selective logging. Ph-D dissertation, University of Rostock (Germany). 137 pages.

PATRUT A., VON REDEN K. F., LOWY D. A., ALBERTS A. H., POHLMAN J. W., WITTMANN R., GERLACH D., XU L. & MITCHELL C. S., 2007. Radiocarbon dating of a very large African baobab. Tree Physiology 27:1569-1574.

POUSSART P. F., EVANS N. M. & SCHRAG P. D., 2004. Resolving seasonality in tropical trees: multi-decade, high-resolution oxygen and carbon isotope records from Indonesia and Thailand. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 218(3-4):301-316

POUSSAART P.M., MYNENI S.C.B. & LANZIROTTI A. 2006. Tree-ring dating, age-dating trees by counting annual rings. Geophysical Research Letters 3:L17711.

PRIYA P. B. & BHAT K. M., 1997. False ring formation in teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) and the influence of environmental factors. Wood Science Division, Kerala Forest Research Institute Peechi, 680 653 India .

RAMSEY C. B, 2007. Radiocarbon dating: Revolution in understanding. Archaeometry, 50(2):249 - 275.

SANTOSH K. S., AMALAVA B. & VANDANA C., 2007. Reconstruction of June- September precipitation based on tree -ring data of teak (Tectona grandis L.) from Hoshangabad, Madhya Pradesh, India. Dendrochronologia, 25(1):57-64.

SAURER M., CHERUBINI P., BONANI G. & SIEGWOLF R., 2003. Tracing carbon uptake from a natural CO2 spring into tree rings: an isotope approach. Tree Physiology 23: 997-1004.

SHÖNGART J., ORTHMANN B., HENNENBERG K. J., POREMBSKI S. & WORBES M., 2006. Climate-growth relationships of tropical tree species in west Africa and their potential for climate reconstruction. Global Change Biology, 12:1139-1150.

TARHULE A. & LEAVITT W. S., 2004. Comparison of stable-carbon isotope composition in the growth rings of Isorberlinia doka, Daniella oliveri, and Tamarindus indica and West African climate. Dendrochronologia, 22(1):61-70.

THOMAS D. S., MONTAGU K. D. & CONROY J. P., 2007. Temperature effects on wood anatomy, wood density, photosynthesis and biomass partitioning of Eucalyptus grandis seedlings. Tree Physiology 27:251-260.

BÜNTGEN U., FRANK D. C., KACZKA R. J., VERSTEGE A., ZWIJACZ-KOZICA T. & ESPER J., 2007. Growth responses to climate in a multi -species tree-ring network in the Western Carpathian Tatra Mountains, Poland and Slo vakia. Tree Physiology 27:689-702.

VAN HORNE L. M. & FULE Z. P., 2006. Comparing methods of reconstructing fire history using fire scars in a southwestern United States Ponderosa pine forest. Can J. For. Res.36: 855-867.

VERHEYDEN A., KAIRO J. G., BEECKMAN H. & KOEDAM N., 2004. Growth Rings, Growth Ring Formation and Age Determination in the Mangrove Rhizophora mucronata. Annals of Botany, 94: 59-66. www.aob.oupjournals.org.

VERHEYDEN A., ROGGEMAN M., BOUILLON S., ELSKENS M., BEECKMAN H. & KOEDAM N., 2005. Comparison between ä13C of á-cellulose and bulk wood in the mangrove tree Rhizophora mucronata: Implications for dendrochemistry. ELSEVIER, Chemical Geology 219:275- 282.

WALTER O., 2004. Influence of climate on radial growth of Pinus cembra within the alpine timberline ecotone. Tree Physiology 24: 291-301.

WELSBERG J. P. & SWANSON J. F., 2001. Fire dating from tree-rings in western cascades Douglas fire Forests: An Error Analysis. Northwest Science, 75( 2).

WORBES M., 2002. One hundred years of tree-ring research in the tropics - a brief history and an outlook to future challenges. Dendrochronologia, 20 (1-2): 217-231.

WORBES M., STASCHEL R., ROLOFF A., & JUNK W. J., 2003. Tree ring analysis reveals age structure, dynamics and wood production of a natural forest stand in Cameroon. Forest ecology and management, 173(1-3):105-123.

ZHAO X. Y., QIAN J. L., WANG J., HE Q. Y., WANG Z. L. & CHEN C. Z., 2006. Using a Tree Ring ä13C Annual Series to Reconstruct Atmospheric CO2 Concentration over the Past 300 Years. Pedosphere, 16(3):371-379.

précédent sommaire suivant






Bitcoin is a swarm of cyber hornets serving the goddess of wisdom, feeding on the fire of truth, exponentially growing ever smarter, faster, and stronger behind a wall of encrypted energy








"Il existe une chose plus puissante que toutes les armées du monde, c'est une idée dont l'heure est venue"   Victor Hugo