Summary
This study focuses on the ecological niche of the White stork
Ciconia ciconia and Cattle egret Bubulcus ibis in the region
of Batna. The monitoring is conducted in two different zones, El Madher and
Merouana, during a period of 13 months, from November 2006 to November 2007.
During this period, we have clarified the biological cycles of
both species. In the light of these stages phenological, we have studied the
settings of their trophic niches.
The study of food availability is carried out in the zone of
El Madher, in three types of foraging sites: a grassland, a wetland and a low
culture. We have identified 234 species of invertebrates. Insects dominate with
83.9%. The abundance of invertebrates was relatively similar in the three areas
studied. The greatest number of invertebrates was recorded during the spring
and summer seasons.
The monitoring of biological models studied in their
backgrounds food, has allowed us to raise 7 different foraging sites frequented
by the White stork and 10 foraging sites frequented by the Cattle egret. The
main food areas used by the two species are grassland, low culture, harvested
areas and plowing. In addition, we have noted the attendance of dumps such
waste of farmers and the deposits of garbage. In foraging sites, we have noted
the association active of the Cattle egret to livestock and agricultural
machinery.
The analysis of 96 pellets of C. ciconia and 110
pellets of B. ibis, shows that both waders are entomophagous
predators, feeding mainly on insects with rates of 99.2% and 98.4%. Feeding of
Cattle egret is more diversified (134 species) than that of the White stork (79
species). Nevertheless, we have recorded the dominance of Orthoptera,
Coleoptera, and Dermaptera in the diet of the White stork,
and the dominance of Orthoptera, Coleoptera,
Hymenoptera and Dermaptera in that of Cattle egret.
The Cattle egret, species in global expansion, has recently
installed in the Batna region, from the year 1995. Comparison of ecological
niches of these two waders reveals interspecific competition risks, including
during rearing of chicks. However, B. ibis shows skills and strategies
such as diversifying its preys and feeding areas as well as active association
to the cattle which are considered factors for the current time minimizing the
risk of competition of the two species. Recommendations for conservation and
management are made in the light of results obtained.
Keywords: Batna, Biological cycle, Bubulcus
ibis, Cattle egret, Ciconia ciconia, Niche overlap, Trophic
niche, White stork.
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