The prospect of international intervention legitimacy: case study of 2011 libyan armed conflict

BIBLIOGRAPHY

I. Legislations Sources

a. International Legal Texts

1. UN Charter. Available at http://www.un.org/aboutun/charter/index.html.

2. Geneva conventions of 1949 and their additional protocols of 1977.

3. African charter of Human and Peoples' Rights of 26 June 1981.

4. International Law Commission. Draft Statute for an International Criminal Court. Article 35. ILC Yearbook 1994, vol. II (Part 2).

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13. UN Doc. S/RES/770. Resolution of the United Nations Security Council of 14 November 1992.

14. UN Doc. S/RES/1973. Resolution of the United Nations Security Council of 17 March 2011.

15. UN Doc. UNGA/Res. 2625(XXV)/1970. Declaration on Principles of International Law concerning Friendly Relations and Co-operation among States in Accordance with the Charter of the United Nations. 24 October 1970.

16. UN Doc. UNGA/Res 2131(XX)/1981. Declaration on the Inadmissibility of Intervention in the Domestic Affairs of States and the Protection of Their Independence and Sovereignty. 9 December 1981.

17. UN Doc. S/Res. 38/7. Resolution of the United Nations Security Council of July 20^th.1983

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b. Regional  Legal Texts

1. Charter of Bogota-inter-American Treaty for the peaceful settlement of disputes of 30 April 1948.

2. The OAS Charter (Charter of Bogota-inter-American Treaty for the Peaceful Settlement of Disputes, said paw de Bogotá), signed on 30 April 1948 in Bogotá.

c. National Legal Texts 

1. Constitution of the Republic of Rwanda of June 04^th 2003 in O.G N^o special of June 4^th 2003.

II. Case Laws

1. ICJ, A.C., June 27, 1986, case "Military and Paramilitary in the Nicaragua and Against him», Rec.1986.

2. ICJ 26/11/1984 Nicaragua against United States, §242 in www.icj-cij.org, accessed September 25, 2013.

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4. ICJ,.A.C, 20 July 1962, case concerning certain expenses of the United Nations, Rec. 1962.

5. I.CJ, A.C. 27 June 1986, case concerning military and paramilitary activities in the Nicaragua and against, Rec. 1986.

III. Books

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9. CIJ, Military and Paramilitary Activities in the Nicaragua and against USA, judgment of June 17, 1986, Rec.1986.

10. Chris Brown, `Selective Humanitarianism', in Dean Chattejee and Don Scheid (eds), Ethics and Foreign Intervention (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003.

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28. Gerard de la Pradelle, Des Faiblesses du Droit Humanitaire. Etats Puissants et Mouvements de Résistance, sous la Direction de Lagot, l'Harmattan, 2010.

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30. Hillstrom, D.(2011), `The Libyan No Fly Zone: Responsibility to Protect and International Law', Published March 21, 2011.

31. Hinsley, F. H., Sovereignty, second edition, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1986.

32. Holzgrefe, J.L and Robert O. Keohane, `Humanitarian Intervention Ethical, Legal and Political Dilemmas', Cambridge University Press, (eds) (2003).

33. Hilpold, Peter, `Humanitarian Intervention: Is There a Need for a Legal Reappraisal?', European Journal of International Law, 2001.

34. H.P. Gasser, International Humanitarian Law: an Introduction, in: Humanity for All: the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, H. Haug (éd.), Paul Haupt Publishers, Berne, 1993.

35. Hinsley, F. H., Sovereignty, second edition, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1986.

36. Honig, J.W. Avoiding War, Inviting Defeat: The Srebrenica Crisis, July 1995 (Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, vol 9 no 4 Dec 2001), 2001.

37. Independent International Commission on Kosovo. Kosovo Report. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.

38. J.F .REVEL, Obsession Anti-Américaine, Dalloz, Paris, 2002.

39. J.J. Rousseau, Social Contract, Paris, 1989.

40. Jackson, Robert H., «The Global Covenant: Human Conduct in a World of States». Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.

41. James, A., `The Practice of Sovereign Statehood in Contemporary International Society,' Political Studies, 47(3), 1999.

42. Jennifer M. Welsh. Humanitarian Intervention and International Relations. Ed. Jennifer M. Welsh. New York: Oxford University Press, 2004.

43. Joan C. Tronto, Moral Boundaries: A Political Argument for an Ethic of Care (New York: Routledge, 1993.

44. John M. Shalikashvili, Shape, Respond, Prepare Now. A Military Strategy for a New Era. National Military Strategy, 2011.

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46. Kissinger, Henry, Does America Need a Foreign Policy? Toward a Diplomacy for the 21st Century. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2001.

47. Kochler and Hans, `The Use of Force in the New International Order: On the Problematic Nature of the Concept of Humanitarian Intervention', paper presented at the international conference Interventionism against International Law: From Iraq to Yugoslavia, Madrid, November 2011.

48. Kratochwil, F., Rules, Norms, and Decisions: On the Conditions of Practical and Legal Reasoning in International Relations and Domestic Affairs, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1989.

49. Laurie Calhoun, `Legitimate Authority and «Just War» in the Modern World', Peace and Change, 27(1), 2002.

50. Liesbeth Zegveld, Accountability of Armed Opposition Groups in International Law, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.

51. L. Moderne, `The Libya Humanitarian Intervention: Is It Lawful In International Law', 2011 (Moderne 2011); A.J. Kuperman, `A Model Humanitarian Intervention?: Reassessing NATO's Libya Campaign', International Security, Vol. 38, 2013.

52. M.BETTATI, The Right of Intervention. R.G.D.I.P, volume 95, 1991.

53. M.VIRALLY, "Panorama du Droit International Contemporain", R.C.A.D.I, vol.183, 1983.

54. Malcolm Nathan, International Law. Cambridge University Press 2003.

55. Mario BETTATI, The Right of Intervention, Ed. Christmas, Paris, 1987.

56. Michael Burton. "Legalizing the Sub-Legal: A Proposal for Codifying a Doctrine of Unilateral Humanitarian Intervention." Georgetown Law Journal 1996.

57. Michael Byers and Simon Chesterman. "Changing the Rules about Rules? Unilateral Humanitarian Intervention and the Future of International Law." Humanitarian Intervention: Ethical, Legal, and Political Dilemmas. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.

58. NGOYENQUOC Dinh; PELLET, A DAILLER and P., Droit International Public, P.424.

59. SCHWEBEL, Intervention and Self-Defense in Modern International Law, R.C.A.D.I., 2002.

60. O.CORTEN and P. KLEIN, Right of Interference or Obligation of Reaction? Possibilities for Action Aimed at Ensuring the Respect of Human Rights Against the Principle of Nonintervention, Brussels, Bruylant, 1996.

61. O.RUSSBACH, UN against UN, International Law Confiscated, ed. La Découverte, Paris, 1994.

62. P.MICHELETTI, Twenty years of Just War, University Presses of Genoa, 2011.

63. Parekh, Bhikhu, Rethinking Humanitarian Intervention, International Political Science Review, 18, 1997.

64. Philpott, D., Revolutions in Sovereignty: How Ideas Shaped Modern International Relations, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2001.

65. Pogge, T., Cosmopolitanism and Sovereignty, Ethics, 103: 48-75, 1992.

66. R.CHARVIN, The Intervention in Libya and the Violation of International Legality: a return to the nickname "international morality" of the 19^th century, December, 2011.

67. Richard Caplan, Exit Strategies and State Building, Oxford University Press 2012.

68. Richard Falk. "Humanitarian Intervention: Elite and Critical Perspectives." Global Dialogue, 2005.

69. R.E. VanLandingham, `The Stars Aligned: The Legality, Legitimacy, and Legacy of 2011's Humanitarian Intervention in Libya', Valparaiso University Law Review, Vol. 46, 2012.

70. Roth, K., The War in Iraq: Justified as Humanitarian Intervention??, Kroc Institute Occasional Paper No. 25. The Joan B. Kroc Institute, Notre Dame, Ind, 2004.

71. S. SCHWEBEL, ' Intervention and self-defense in modern International Law ", R.C.A.D.I, 1972-II, vol.136.

72. Sassoli M., "Transnational Armed Groups and International Humanitarian Law", Program on Humanitarian Policy and Conflict Research, Harvard University, Occasional Paper Series, Winter 2006, Number 6.

73. Schmitt, Carl, 1922. Political Theology, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1985.

74. Segall Anna, Punishing Violations of International Humanitarian Law at National Level - A Guide for Common Law States, ICRC Geneva 200.

75. . SCHWEBEL, ' Intervention and Self-Defence in Modern International Law ", R.C.A.D.I, 1972-II, vol.136.

76. Shipra Agrawal & M.S. Rao, Legal Research Methodology, 1^sted, SRI SAI LAW publications, Delhi, 2003.

77. Spruyt, H., The Sovereign State and Its Competitors, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1994.

78. Statement by Foreign Secretary William Hague Following the meeting Libya Contact Group in Doha, April 13, 2011.

79. Stephen Krasner, Sovereignty: Organized Hypocrisy, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1999.

80. Tariq Ali. Masters of the Universe? NATO's Balkan Crusade. New York: Verso, 2000.

81. Thakur, R., `The Responsibility to Protect- norms, Laws and the Use of Force in International Politics-`, New York: Routledge, 2011.

82. Verwey, Wil, `The Legality of Humanitarian Intervention After the Cold War'. In: E. Ferris (ed.), A Challenge to Intervene: A New Role for the United Nations?, Uppsala: Life and Peace Institute, 1992.

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84. Wheeler, Nicholas J. & Alex Bellamy, `Humanitarian Intervention and World Politics'. In: Steve Smith & John Baylis, the Globalization of World Politics, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001.

85. Weiss, G. Thomas, `The Humanitarian Impulse'. In: David M. Malone (ed.), The United Nations Security Council After the Cold War, Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner 2004.

IV. Report and Journals

1. A. Cassese, `Ex iniuria ius oritur: Are We Moving Towards International Legitimation of Forcible Humanitarian Countermeasures in the World Community?' European Journal of International Law, 1999.

2. First Report of the Prosecutor of the ICC to the UN Security Council pursuant to resolution 1970 (2011), the Office the Prosecutor, ICC. Available on http://www.hrw.org/node/96582

3. Human Right Watch, Report on Libyan Situation in 2011.

4. International Commission on Kosovo. Kosovo Report. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.

5. J. Foster, « Afghanistan, The TAPI Pipeline, and Energy Politics », Journal of Energy Security, 23 mars 2013.

6. Report of the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty, The Responsibility to Protect, ICISS, December 2001.

7. Report of the 2004 United Nations Organization, http://www.nato.int/docu/pr/2004/p99-040.htm.

8. Mohammed Ayoob, `Humanitarian Intervention and International Society', The International Journal of Human Rights 6(1), Spring, 2002.

9. United Nations, institutional system, archival studies, N ° 3.02, la Documentation Française, Paris, 2001.

V. Web Documents and Sites

1. http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2011/02/20/libya-governments-should-demand-end-unlawful-killings , accessed January 02, 2013.

2. http://edition.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/africa/02/21/libya.protest. T1, accessed 28/12, 2012.

3. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/23/world/africa/23libya.html?_r=1 , accessed December 28, 2012.

4. http://english.aljazeera.net/news/africa/2011/02/201122261251456133.html accessed December 28, 2012.

5. The new of Daily Telegraph, 28 September 2011, available on http//: www.dailytelegraph.com , accessed on 2/9/2013.

6. http://edition.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/africa/02/21/libya.protest.east/index.html?hpt=T1 , accessed December 28, 2012.

7. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/23/world/africa/23libya.html?_r=1 , accessed December 28, 2012.

8. https://treaties.un.org/doc/publication/.../uncharter.pdf accessed on 26/5/2014.

9. http://www.icj.org/caseofnicaguaversususa/pdf, accessed on 21/7/2014.

10. http://www.nato.int/docu/pr/2004/p99-040.htm, accessed on 12/1/2014.

11. http://www.oas.org/juridico/english/charte.html. accessed on 24/7/2014.

12. http://www.crimesofwar.org/a-z-guide/jus-ad-bellum-jus-in- ello/#sthash.AGPgVVbL.dpuf, accessed on 23/9/2014.

13. http://www.legal-explanations.com/definitions/jus-cogens.htm,accessed on 1/10/2014.

14. https://www.icrc.org/eng/resources/international-review/review-864-methods arfare/index.jsp , accessed on 1/10/2014.

15. http://www.genocidewatch.org/images/Syria_11_July_7_Genocide_Watch_alert.pdf. Accessed on 12 November 2013.

16. http://www.crimesofwar.org/a-z-guide/jus-ad-bellum-jus-in-bello/#sthash.YnxKj0el.dpuf, accessed on 14/7/2014.

VI. Other Document

1. Communiqué of the 265^th meeting of the Council for Peace and Security, PSC/PR/Comm.2 (CCLXV), 10 March 2011.

2. Communiqué of the 265th meeting of the Council for Peace and Security, PSC/PR/Comm.2 (CCLXV), 10 March 2011.

3. Statement by Foreign Secretary William Hague Following the meeting Libya Contact Group in Doha, April 13, 2011.

4. International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty, 2001; MacFarlane, Thielking & Weiss, 2004; Barbour & Gorlick, 2008; or Bellamy, 2009.

5. NATO Doc. AR 295 SA (1998), quoted in Simma NATO, The UN and the Use of Force: Legal Aspects EJIL 10 (1999).