ABSTRACT
Water represents the major constituent element of the body of
a living being. It is estimated at 60% in the composition of the latter with a
minimum consumption of 1.5L / Jr. For this, it is incumbent that it is of good
sanitary quality to thus evoke its potability, this in order to avoid that the
populations are subject to various water-borne diseases. Studies have
established that water pollution is the cause of mortality which rises from
year to year among populations in developing countries. In this regard, it was
important for us to know the real bacteriological profile of the water consumed
in these countries. This is how our research focused on "The bacteriological
evaluation of drinking water from the populations of Ngoa-Ekélé
in Yaoundé". This is a descriptive cross-sectional study which was based
on collections of drinking water in this locality at two sources and five
wells, associated with the determination of the bacteriological profile of
these waters. This determination was made by a direct enumeration method,
membrane filtration and identification thanks to the use of special media and
API 20E miniaturized galleries coupled with the use of the APIDENT version 2.0
software for the nomenclature of species. The pollution factors and pathologies
associated with these waters were identified using a questionnaire submitted to
53 participants. The data were collected by CSPro software and processed by
Excel and SPSS software. The results obtained revealed that at the seven water
points studied, the springs were full of Klebsiella oxytoca and enterococci,
the wells were full of Klebsiella gr. 47, Klebsilla pneumoniae, Enterobacter
aerogenes and enterococci. This translates to 67% the distribution of the genus
Klebsiella and to 33% the distribution of the genus Enterobacter in the waters
of the locality speaking of coliforms. The distribution of enterococci is
equivalent to 100% because they are found in each sample tested. The major
factors justifying the existence of these germs in the water turned out to be:
the latrines, the ditches and then the dumps found near the water points. The
study was able to link the non-treatment of water by the populations to these
environmental factors. Water-borne diseases affecting consumers and which may
be associated with the existing bacterial profile have been identified,
revealing the appearance in the population studied of typhoid and paratyphoid
fever at 48.39%, gastroenteritis and dysentery at 22.58%. , followed by 6.45%
skin infections. In short, the waters of the locality of
Ngoa-ékéléé are found to be unfit for
consumption.
Keywords: water, evaluation, drinkability, pollution,
bacteriological profile, Yaoundé
Mémoire rédigé par TCHAMDA TAYO
Laurel Kévine, TMS Page 1
ÉVALUATION BACTÉRIOLOGIQUE DES EAUX DE
CONSOMMATION DES
POPULATIONS DE NGOA-ÉKÉLÉ À
YAOUNDÉ
| 
