ABSTRACT
Landscapes located in the north-east of the DRC being composed
of several species of flora and fauna are characterized by increasing human
pressure, accentuated by cross-border and internal migration, with both
positive and negative impacts on all development plans. The
Epulu-Ituri-Aru-Garamba-Uelé landscape located in this area does not
escape this generalized reality. Hence, the importance of understanding the
factors that influence the spatio-temporal patterns of gender migration at the
scale of this landscape, in order to identify both positive and negative
impacts on the livelihoods of women and men local communities.
Generally, this study aims to contribute to the preservation
and restoration of the ex-wetlands. Orientale province through the integration
of gender, in the implementation of alternative measures that aim to ensure
their conservation, in order to improve the well-being of the population.
Specifically, it is a question of analyzing the spatio-temporal dynamics of the
landscape related to the factors that influence the spatio-temporal patterns of
migration between men and women; to identify the risks associated with the
spatio-temporal dynamics of landscape-scale migration of men and women, with
particular emphasis on socially vulnerable groups; identify and analyze the
most effective and affordable local initiatives in risk management and propose
an integrated wetland biodiversity management strategy. The stratified and
systematic random sampling method was used for the collection of quantitative
data; and group focus, individual interviews and group discussion were
organized for qualitative data. Quantitative data was analyzed with SPP 3.1
software and R software; and content analysis was the main approach used to
analyze the qualitative data, as well as the commented route method. The SWOT
analysis was done to evaluate effective and affordable local initiatives; and
the GIS tool was used to develop the migration mapping, based on the geographic
coordinates taken with the Global Positioning System.
The results of our analyzes have shown that social, cultural,
economic, ecological, political and security factors underlie the typology of
migration, which is grouped into four main categories, including economic (or
labor) migration, forced migration , the migration of constraint (or refugees)
and climate migration. An analysis of many factors influencing the decision to
migrate in this landscape shows that 40.98% of migrants seek stability, while
35.25% seek security for good development.
Water pollution (87.5%) resulting in the degradation of
ecosystems (87.5%), poaching (75%) and illegal exploitation of natural
resources (62.5%) are the main phenomena constituting the risks that are linked
to migratory movements on the scale of this landscape. This also results in the
encroachment of herds of herders in wetlands linked to protected areas (75%),
deforestation (62.5%) and carbonization (12.5%) which are at the root of the
destruction. forest, lake and fluvial ecosystems of the region. Mechanisms for
large-scale interventions, including sensitization, water treatment techniques,
securing and protecting biodiversity and endogenous knowledge, as well as
participatory approaches are local initiatives that are considered affordable
and effective. Integrated wetland biodiversity management has been identified
as a sustainable strategy for restoring and maintaining degraded ecosystems by
specific gender adaptation, with a view to enhancing the resilient development
of communities.
Key words: Impact, Integrated Sustainable
Management, Wetland, Climate Migration, Biodiversity and Conflict.
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