ABSTRACT
The cholera is an illness as vielle that the world, exist since
more of two millennia. She/it was confined in the delta of the Ganges, more
precisely to the present Bangladesh.
She/it is himself rependue in the whole world with the
development and the systematization of the maritime trade. Until this day
she/it made 7pandémies, this last is the one that touched the whole
world from Indonesia, for other country Asians while passing by Europe, America
then Africa toward 1970. It is in Africa that the cholera persists the most
violently, getting settled in a perennial way in some zones and striking by
epidemic blazes nearly all countries.
The RDC indeed, had been saved by this curse during the first six
pandemics. The first cases have been signalled in 1973 to the west and in 1977
to the East, in the city of Kalemie, on the west strand of the Tanganyika lake.
However, whereas the west of the country seems to have gotten rid of the
cholera (doesn't have a meaningful epidemic anymore since 2001), the East of
the country is reached more and more heavily. Our country stands currently at
the head of the countries having declared the more of case to the WHO. In the
provinces of the East, seven zones sanctuaries (essentially in the lacustrine
regions) have been identified of which the city of Bukavu situated along the
Kivu lake and where the cholera rages in an endémo-epidemic manner.
Our analytic and transverse survey, with an exhaustive sampling
technique makes itself like hypothesis:
1. the cholera would not be endemic in Bukavu. The
gastroenteritis recovered in the CTC of Bukavu in non epidemic period would be
due to the germs entéropathogènes others that Vibrio cholerae.
2. water distributed by the Regideso would possibly be
contaminated by Vibrio cholerae following the vétusté of
his/her/its provision system.
3. the network of distribution of water of the Regideso in
Bukavu only covers some 55% of the population, the other sources of water where
get a stock the population would be contaminated by Vibrio cholerae.
4. the endémicité of the cholera would rather be
owed to the attitudes negative faces to the hygiene of water, the hands or food
considering the presence of several carriers asymptomatiques of Vibrio cholerae
in the communities.
5. the endémicité of the cholera in Bukavu would
be due to a multirésistance of the stumps of Vibrio cholerae to the
antibiotics of current use.
To verify these hypotheses, we are set the following specific
objectives:
- To search for Vibrio cholerae in the stools of the patients
admitted in the CTC of the HPGRB in non epidemic period.
- To search for Vibrio cholerae in the water of the Regideso.
- To search for Vibrio cholerae in the water of the sources used
by the patients before their admission in the CTC of the HPGRB.
- To value the practices of the victims of the cholera facing the
hygiene of water, the hands and food.
- To value the sensitivity to the antibiotics usual of the
isolated stumps.
To arrive there, we used the following materials: A laboratory of
bacteriology for the analyses of the stools and water, A questionnaire of
investigation addressed to the patients, A grid of observation makes to the
level of the sources of water, The software Word and Excel for the seizure of
the text and the harvest of the data, Software Ear Info, version 3.4.1. of 2007
for the analysis of the data, Software Power dawns for the presentation of the
results.
The main results are:
- The cholera is well endemic in Bukavu and is caused by Vibrio
cholerae Eltor O1, Inaba sérotype,
- The water of the Regideso is not contaminated by Vibrio
cholerae
- The arranged sources and non arranged to different places of
Bukavu are contaminated by Vibrio cholerae Eltor O1, Inaba sérotype,
- The Ruzizi river, is contaminated by Vibrio cholerae Eltor O1,
Inaba sérotype.
- The victims of the cholera don't observe the rules of food
hygienes, the hygiene of water and hands,
In Bukavu the cholera is well endemic. His/her/its
endémicité has like factor determining and main, the difficult
access and or the lack of quality drinking water and sufficient to the
population.
| 
