Réponse de la culture du gombo (abelmoschus esculentus l.) à l'apport des biomasses fraiches de tithonia diversifolia (hemsley) a. gray à kalemie

ABSTRACT

The Democratic Republic of Congo is in general a greatly dependent country of other countries with regard to food. To fight against this situation of strong food dependence, several solutions are proposed, among which the intensification of the agricultural productions to the local level. The lack of soil fertility due to the exports by the cultures at the time of the harvest, to the erosions and washings entail a decrease of the outputs of the cultures. If the fertility of soil is weak, the cultures lose their rusticity and become therefore sensitive to the different illnesses. The present work title" Answer of the okra culture (Abelmoschusesculentus L.) to the contribution of the cool biomasses of Tithoniadiversifolia (Hemsley) A. Gray in the climatic conditions of Kalemie" initiated by the Faculty of the Agronomic Sciences of the University of Kalemie.

To arrive there, a test has been driven to the firm Amisi of the University of Kalemie to a middle altitude of 971m and to 05°48'44, 9 '' of longitude south, 29° 07'05, 8 and installed according to a device in randomized complete blocks. At the time of the experimentation, the vegetative parameters and those of output have been observed and their results have been analyzed in a statistical way (ANOVA). The treatments, in three repetitions, have been constituted of a witness (T₀), of four levels of contribution of cool biomasses of Tithoniadiversifolia to know T₂, T₃, T₄ and containing T₅ respectively 10 t, 20 t, 30 t and 40 t of biomass of Tithoniadiversifolia by hectare; as well as of a contribution of manure mineral NPK _17-17-17and Urea 46% (T₁).

The gotten results showed that the most elevated output has been observed on the treatments having received 30 tons and the one having received 40 tons of biomass of Tithoniadiversifolia by hectare as organic manure, can be recommended in the out-of-town zone of Kalemie in a context of deterioration of soils and elevated price of the mineral manures.

In the out-of-town zone of Kalemie, the contribution of the biomasses of Tithoniadiversifolia (30 t/hectare) as fertilizing would constitute a major asset for the growth of the gumbo outputs in a context of deterioration of soils and high price of mineral manures.

Key words: Biomasse, Tithoniadiversifolia, Organic manure, Okra, Kalemie,

SOMMAIRE

EPIGRAPHE Erreur ! Signet non défini.

DEDICACES II

REMERCIEMENTS III

LISTE DES SIGLES ET ABREVIATIONS III

LISTE DES IMAGES ET TABLEAUX V

RESUME VIII

ABSTRACT X

SOMMAIRE XI

INTRODUCTION 1

Chapitre I. REVUE DE LA LITTERATURE 4

I.1. GENERALITES SUR LE GOMBO 4

I.1.1. ORIGINE ET DIFFUSION 4

I.1.2. COMPOSITION ET USAGES 4

I.1.3. DESCRIPTION SYSTEMATIQUE ET BOTANIQUE 5

I.1.4. AIRE DE CULTURE 6

I.1.5. EXIGENCES ECOLOGIQUES 7

I.1.6. TECHNIQUES CULTURALES 7

I.2. GENERALITES SUR LES ENGRAIS 16

I.2.1. DEFINITION ET IMPORTANCE 16

I.2.2. COMPOSITION DES ENGRAIS 16

I.2.3. UTILISATION DES ENGRAIS 17

I.2.4. SOURCES DES MATIERES ORGANIQUES 18

I.2.5. IMPACTS DES ENGRAIS SUR LES ETRES VIVANTS ET L'ENVIRONNEMENT 20

Chapitre II. MILIEU, MATERIELS ET METHODES 21

II. 1. MILIEU 21

II. 1. 1. SITUATION GEOGRAPHIQUE ET CARTOGRAPHIQUE DU SITE 21

II.1.2. SOL ET VEGETATION 21

II.1.2. CLIMAT 22

II.2. MATERIELS 22

II.2.1. MATERIELS BIOLOGIQUES 22

II. 2.2. ENGRAIS ORGANIQUE 23

II.2.3. ENGRAIS MINERAUX 23

II.3. METHODES 23

II.3.1. DISPOSITIF EXPERIMENTAL ET TRAITEMENTS 23

II.3.2. CONDUITE DE L'ESSAI 24

II.4. PARAMETRES OBSERVES 26

II.4.1. PARAMETRES VEGETATIFS 26

II.4.2. PARAMETRES DE RENDEMENT 27

II.5. ANALYSE DES DONNEES 27

Chapitre III. RESULTATS 28

III.1. PARAMETRES VEGETATIFS 28

III.1.1. TAUX DE LEVEE (%) 29

III.1.2. TAILLE DES PLANTES A 15 JOURS (cm) 29

III.1.3. TAILLE DES PLANTES A 30 JOURS (cm) 29

III.1.4. TAILLE DES PLANTES A 45 JOURS (cm) 30

III.1.5. TAILLE DES PLANTES A 60 JOURS (cm) 30

III.2. PARAMETRES DE RENDEMENT 31

III.2.1. NOMBRE DES FRUITS PAR PLANTE ET PAR RECOLTE 31

III.2.2. POIDS DE 100 FRUITS (g) 32

III.2.3. DIAMETRE DES FRUITS (cm) 32

III.2.4. LONGUEUR DES FRUITS (cm) 32

III.2.5. POIDS DES FRUITS A LA RECOLTE (g) 33

III.2.6. RENDEMENT (t/ha) 33

Chapitre IV. DISCUSSION 34

IV. 1. PARAMETRES VEGETATIFS 35

IV.2. PARAMETRES DE RENDEMENT 35

CONCLUSION 37

REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUES 38

ANNEXES i