Memoire Online - Willingness to pay of the notability for local leadership empowerment in the ngweshe chiefdom

Working on "willingness to pay of the notability for local leadership empowerment in Ngweshe", seven questions have been asked to 25 considered notables around Bukavu town. These questions mainly aimed at assessing three features viewed to identify local leaders, their work, and their supporters. Those questions are enumerated below:

· If yes, how much can you annually contribute when supporting a developmental project?

1. Answering the first question regarding notables' thought about local leadership in the chiefdom, it is observable that these notables don't yet trust in local leadership. The truth is that they have supported that local leaders have surrendered their mission and live today in town rather than remaining near rural folks. Thus, a respondent has supposed that leadership doesn't exist in Ngweshe. The chiefdom is ruled throughout "power of attorney" held by some individuals living in the countryside. Another aspect noticed by one of respondents was that local chieftaincy was influential in the society through soil ownership. But currently their power and influence are facing resistance of a new generation of wealth owners. There is in other ways a kind of transfers of leadership from traditional chieftaince to current means holders.

2. Notables mainly consider as local leaders in their native chiefdom, all those people belonging to traditional and cultural chieftaincy: the Mwami (King and chief of the chiefdom), chiefs of groupings, of Localities; and many other kinds of individuals who exercise a certain influence on rural lives.They thus are religious leaders, leader of schools, hospitals, and influential economic agents.

3. While they are opportunists as deems one respondent, all respondents have supported that their role is guiding, orienting, working with the population, being its reporter, bear difficulties in interest of their population. They have as well in their charge to be justice promoters and regulate disputes in the community. They should be objective by avoiding mismanaging or abandon to realize what folks wait from them. Notwithstanding, it is recognized that retro-cession is allowed to entities even though they aren't altogether delivered. That is, the Mwami uses that amount without any control. What can lose trust of notables into local leadership in the chiefdom. Respondents have suggested tooling the local civil society so as governance takes another take-off within local leaders.

4. As for their contribution to developing the Ngweshe chiefdom, respondents diverge on leaders' intention and orientation. In fact some notables have asseverated that local leaders do not work in interest of folks while others assume that some of rural leaders perfectly fulfill their work in their entities. However, they notice that the mainstream of local leaders is not educated and consequently have some limits which prevent them from introducing new improving policies and actions. In a nutshell, only a few leaders are implicated in development action.

5. Their answer on the way to help local leaders is mostly building their capacity, being close to them, help to understand the current context and the global evolution of the region. Also, encourage stakeholders (local leaders, local folks,etc.) to adopt participatory budget in the entity so as they boost development schemes. Here, responsible of the civil society mainly and the whole population have in their attribution to monitor their actions. However, an individual has said that there is no way to help local leaders because they even embezzle remitted retrocession. What shows that all individual may not will to pay as a result of trust lose.

6. Several interventions at different level are requisite. Primarily, local leaders shall count on their own population through levy collection even though rural citizens are pauperized, State leaders at national and provincial level, NGO, Universities,natives living outer the chiefdom, organizations, etc. Inquired individuals have estimated the variability of their support amount to local leaders regarding each scheme taking into account its collective utility and budget needed.

7.Despite that an individual assumed that he cannot contribute for empowering local leadership, noticing their behavior of living in town rather than being in rural area and the fact that they embezzle amounts allowed to rural development, others have asserted to pay between 50 and USD 1500.

My name is Romeo MUNGUAKONKWA, a student in license in rural economics at the Catholic university of Bukavu. This survey is realized with the purpose to fulfill our graduate paper carried on Willingness to pay of the notability for local leadership empowerment in Ngweshe. It aims to assess the level to which the rural notability dwelling in Bukavu would be ready to fund their local leaders (rural authorities) in their home chiefdom so as developmental projects can be undertaken under them. Given that we provide you the maximum confidentiality on data you're going to provide us, we beg you to provide your uninfluenced answers as an inherent contribution to this research.

1. Age		2. household size
3. Sex 0. Male 1. Female		4. Marital status: 1. Single [ ] 2. Married [ ] 3. Divorced [ ] 4. widow [ ]
5. Level of study 1. none 2. Primary 3. Secondary 4. Academic		6. Religion 1. Catholic 2. Protestant 3. Muslim 4. Kimbanguist 5. Other
7. From when do you live in Bukavu ?		8. what is your status in the household? 1. head 2. Spouse 3. Other
8. Do you belong to a mutual or an association? 1. Yes 2. No		9. If yes, which duration has it taken?
10. Do you permanently access to water in your household? 1. Yes 2. No		12. Do you permanently access to electricity in your household? 1. Yes 2. No
13. Accommodation 1. Durable 2. Semi-durable 3. Shelf 4. Mire 5. Other		14. Dwelling place 1. Ibanda. 2. Kadutu. 3. Bagira
15. If you are married, what is your spouse's educational level 1. none 2. Primary 3. Secondary 4. Academic		16. what is his/her profession? 1. Unemployed 2. Salaried 3. Mercantile 4. Farmer 5. craft 6. Other
Income
Resource approach
1.	What is your monthly income?			........................
2.	What is your spouse's monthly income			........................
3.	If there are other active members in your household, what is their monthly income?			........................
Expenditure approach
What are your household's alimentary and no alimentary expenditure?
*Monthly expenditure in USD* 1. Food +beverage ................. 2. Transport ................. 3. Communication ................. 4. Cloths and footwear................. 5. Cosmetic products and bath soap ................. 6. washing soap ................. 7. Petrol, gas and other energetic springs ................. 8. Water and electricity ................. 9. Leisure ................. 10. Other monthly expenditure .................			*Yearly expenditure in USD* 11. Fee of medicine and health ................. 12. Schooling ................. 13. Rent on house ................. 14. Credit repayment ................. 15. Social expenses ................. 16. Journey ................. 17. Other yearly expenditure .................

*Do you possess*		How many		Do you possess		How many?
House		\|___\|		Generating set		\|___\|
Bed		\|___\|		Freezer		\|___\|
Cupboard		\|___\|		Iron		\|___\|
Armchair		\|___\|		Camping stove/ cooker		\|___\|
Table		\|___\|		Solar panel		\|___\|
Vehicle		\|___\|		Clipper		\|___\|
Motorbike		\|___\|		Washbasin		\|___\|
Computer		\|___\|		Wardrobe		\|___\|
Television		\|___\|		Sewing machine		\|___\|
Radio		\|___\|		Parcel		\|___\|
Telephone		\|___\|		Cow		\|___\|
General information on the respondent's activity
1. In which sector is located your primary activity? 1. Agriculture, breeding and fishing [ ] 2. Manufacture [ ] 3. General trade [ ] 4.Craft [ ] 5. Public sector [ ] 6. NGO [ ] 7. Other [ ]
2. What is your status in that sector? 1. Salaried [ ] 2. Independent [ ] 3. Employer [ ]
3. Is the organization in which you work recorded in formal sector? 0. No [ ] 1. Yes [ ]
4. How many years have you realized in that sector (activity)?.................
5. In how many activities or sectors are you involved ?.................
6. In which sector is located your secondary activity? 1. Agriculture, breeding and fishing [ ] 2. Manufacture [ ] 3. General Trade [ ] 4.Craft [ ] 5. Public sector [ ] 6. NGO [ ] 7. Other [ ]
7. What is your status in that sector? 1. Salaried [ ] 2. Independent [ ] 3. Employer [ ]
8. Is the organization in which you work recorded in formal sector? 0. No [ ] 1. Yes [ ]
9. How many years have you realized in that sector (activity)? .................
10. For how much do you believe your monthly income from your primary activity? .................
11. For how much do you believe your monthly income from your secondary activity ?.................
Educationalburden
1.	How many members of your household are schooled?		Primary school				.........
			Secondary school				.........
			Primary school				.........
2.	How much do you yearly pay for the education of your children ?				Primary school		.........
					Secondary school		.........
					College/ University		.........
3.	How much do you allocate to educating outer persons ?				Primary school		.........
					Secondary school		.........
					College/ University		.........
4.	If school fees fade, will you your contribution towards local leadership ?				1. Yes 2. No		\|___\|
5.	Do you expect that ulterior returns to schooling of those you're bearing will improve your contribution?				1. Yes 2. No		\|___\|

In the spirit of this work is the intervention of two kinds of partners, notably local leaders who are ruling at several level of the rural society and notables emerging from Ngweshe and leaving in Bukavu. Given that, local leaders are performers as wants decentralization. But they face a decrease of retrocession. Regardful to developing your native chiefdom, you are asked this question:

Are you predisposed to improve local leadership for Ngweshedevelopment ? Yes |___| No |___|

Willing to improve local leadership

Yes

1. You trust local leaders in Ngweshe

|___|

2. You participate to local development in Ngweshe

|___|

3. Local development of Ngweshe is your priority

|___|

4. Local leaders need trainings in management and local governance

|___|

5. Development of Ngweshe must be committed by rural local leaders

|___|

6. Rural leaders are near folks

|___|

7. These leaders work for folks' welfare in Ngweshe

|___|

8. There must be a joint-committee (Notables and local leaders) to monitor social project fulfillment in Ngweshe

|___|

9. Your motivation to participate is related to self interest in Ngweshe rather than collectively born development

|___|

Social capital

1. Is your participation to local leadership reinforcement tied to your friends' participation? 0. No 1. Yes

2. If yes, how many participate? .................

3. How many people of great notoriety encourage you participating to developing local leadership?...............

4. How many active fellow workers encourage you to contribute? .................

5. Is there any organization or group where members are encouraged to disburse towards local leadership empowerment in Ngweshe? 0. No 1. Yes

6. If yes, how many are they?

.................

7. Do your work managers having influence on your source of income push you to pool?

0. No 1. Yes

8. If Yes, why do you accept to pool? 1. Love of chiefdom 2 To persuade them 3. By fear to be fired. 4. Other 5. None

..................................................

Willingness to pay

Now, some are presented some imaginary scenarios on which your opinion is needed: local leaders' role being assuring social well-being of communities and thus local development. Got it the lower penetration of retrocession funds for developing the EntitésTerritorialeDécentralisées, among which Ngweshe chiefdom, the developmental process would decelerate. As well, loses and challenges would surprisingly raise. Being recognized as notable of the area, your contribution would help to fill the gap. Thus, you are presented the following questions to withdraw your strain for financially tooling local leaders in Ngweshe.

1. In order to reinforce local leadership, are you ready to yearly pay in USD and in accordance to each project an amount the following amount: 250/ 1000/1500/2000

Yes |___| No |___|

Ø If yes on question (1), are you ready to pay above the following amounts in USD 350/1100/1700/2800 Yes |___| No |___|

Ø If no on question (1), are you ready to pay above the following amounts 150/600/900/1200? Yes |___| No |___|

Ø If you don't admit any bid, then, what is the amount you would willingly give? .........................................

Execution priority of crowdfunded projects

Seen that your contributions will go through local leaders, you are just now presented several developmental projects asking you to give your point of view on their priority. There is no bad answer; it all depends on your own perception of the priority on their performance.

Here's the meaning of the number suggested by the scale

1= Very low priority 2= low priority 3= neutral 4= Priority 5= very high priority

Current level of priority given to the project fields

In the future perspective, please express your wish for priority execution on the projects

1. Project aiming at increasing the production of vegetables

2. Project aiming at increasing the production of legumins

3. Project aiming at increasing the production of cereals (Maize, Sorghum, Rice,...)

4. Project aiming at increase the production of roots (cassava, Potato, yam, taro,...)

5. Project aiming at increasing animal production (ovine, porcine, goat, bovine,...) and milk

6. Project to make sustainable and productive banana cultivation

7. Project for sustainability of peace in the chiefdom

8. Project for chiefdom electrification

9. Water supply project for the needy villages

10. For a hospital infrastructure construction Project

11. For a comfortable six class construction project

12. For a project to build a solar power plant per general hospital in Ngweshe

13. Project to install a flour mill for the production of flour in Ngweshe

Motivation to participate to the local leadership empowerment process

Here are some propositions relative to facts that would influence the amount you can be disposed to give for leadership empowerment in Ngweshe. For each one of them, please express your level of agreement on the following scale: 1. Very much agree 2. Alright 3. Neutral 4. Disagree 5. Not altogether agree.

There is no bad answer; it all depends on your own encouraging reasons of participation.

Motivation

1. I will be ready to participate to collectively financing local leaders for being a share of those who will have allowed development in Ngweshe

2. I will be ready to participate to collectively financing local leaders provided that they are transparent

3. I would like to participate to collectively financing local leadership so as peace becomes sustainable in Ngweshe

4. I would give funds and my participatory share provided that it goes through the planning of my ulterior investments in Ngweshe

5. I would like to participate provided that those who embezzle funds come in question before the justice

6. I would like to participate to the process of crowdfunding towards local leadership in order to rise crops production

7. My contribution to projects targeting development under local leadership is mainly prompted by my political ambitions in the area

Starting Price

Is there any set amount when contributing in your organization?

1. Yes 2. No

If yes, what is the monthly set amount?

..................

If no, is it a good policy?

1. Yes 2. No

What is the mean amount you would give after a year?

..................

Selected grouping for the project

Do you wish projects undertaken to be first applied in your home grouping?

1. Yes 2. No

|___|

Suppose that you're the policy decider, will you implement the most important projects in your home grouping rather than others of your chiefdom?

1. Yes 2. No

|___|

If yes (to question 2), what incites you to pay such an attention to towards your home grouping?

1. Community tie

2. Your center of interest

|___|

We thank you very much for your availability to contribute to this research fulfillment

Willingness to pay of the notability for local leadership empowerment in the ngweshe chiefdom

CONTENT

APPENDIX

Appendix 1: FACTOR ANALYSIS ON HOUSEHOLD ASSETS

Appendix 2 : CORRELATION MATRIX OF VARIABLES

Appendsix 3: OUTCOME OF THE QUALITATIVE SURVEY