|
E-Presse : Presse en danger ou complément de l'informationpar Thierry Schiltz Université de Bordeaux 3 - Maà®trise de communication sociale 2002 |
Western south was created on August 29, 1944 per Jacques Lemoine.That thus made more than one half century that it is with the service of regional information.Western south became a powerful group accepting responsibility for several editions and several media.More closely let us see certain figures which shows us the range of this daily newspaper :second daily newspaper regional (paid diffusion 2000)65(*)
1.528.500 confirmed regular readers66(*) This are the figures of the year 2000 but into 200267(*) the figures did not change much since the diffusion is with 336.602 specimens and there are 1.031.800 regular readers. Manpower is of 1136 people including 280 journalists. It there A 22 editions out of 8 departments and 3 areas, there are also 31 agencies and offices (including one with bets). Moreover Southern West is a strong group of press but S `does not stop there. Indeed, he is a also editor of books with more than 350 works published in ten years by the Western Southern editions. He is also in the middle of the regional advertizing market, by ensuring the advertizing control of the five daily newspapers of the group, for sales turnovers of 459.5 MF in 2000. He is an actor in the audio-visual and electronic media with radio operator Atlantel which ensures unhooking buildings of Europe 2 out of eleven cities. Atlantel image ensures to him the regional correspondences of TF1 and LCI without forgetting that Southern West has 49% of the shares of TV7 Bordeaux. Finally and what interests us at most, Atlantel Multimédia develops and lodges on the Web of the products of editions (information, services, small advertisements, urban guides) and of the solutions of electronic trade Indeed the site sudouest.com68(*) is, as for him, to some extent independent, although it belongs to the same group. Let us see the sites that the Western Southern group created on the Net by having all various objectives. Sites of the Group:
The Group can be based on an advertizing control dedicated to Internet (GSO Web Governed). Apart from the sites of local information, the other sites have a vocation which is more at commercial purpose. The system of the small advertisements was treated higher in this memory. An important site is the creation of the site viapolis.com in response to a competition on the local information which was set up on Internet, them « cityguides ». The stake, this time, they are information services, the data bases, the classified advertisements, in short, one of principal goodwill of the PQR (regional daily press). « This know-how, other operators can control them « , notices Denis Ruellan, director of the department information communication with the IUT of Lannion and lecturer at the university Rennes 1. Indeed he says69(*) « It is not difficult to recover the schedules and the programs of cinema, it is domain public. Any operator who creates a cityguide will find this information by a collecting system or a partnership with the advertisers of the corner. » Young companies quickly included/understood it and it is like that that Web city was created in 1998 by a twenty year old Lyonese, Alexandre Dreyfus and who extended his network on several cities of which obviously Bordeaux. The PQR reacted thus and launched it also of the cityguides. It is initially West-France70(*) which set up at the end of 1999 maville.com71(*) with the principal towns of its zone of influence. It is then the Telegram of Brest72(*) which joins the Lorraine republican73(*) to create vivalaville.com. 74(*) Thus Southern west as created its cityguide to him as it named viapolis.com. 75(*) Viapolis.com is already in competition with several cityguides with knowing : In all the cases, these sites have a vocation more commercial than the sites of information such as Sudouest.com the purpose of which is truly to prolong the daily newspaper on paper medium. For better including/understanding how Sudouest.com functions, was carried out a maintenance deprived with Frederic Saler, multi-media journalist full-time with Sudouest.com. 1.2 Discussion with Frederic To salt How much people work for the electronic drafting ? « There are four people who work for the electronic drafting : there are Hubert Barat, journalist, and person in charge for the electronic publishings of the Western Southern Group. There are me, Frederic Saler, journalist in TDCI with SudOuest.com and There are also two other freelance journalists. » How and when information must be brought up to date on the newspaper ? « From 5h30, all information of the daily newspaper of the newspaper industry is put has our provision. It remains us of 5h30 with 9h00 to put them under the format of the newspaper on Internet. It is also in our duty to bring up to date the headings which are not present on version paper. It is necessary that with 9h00, the site of the newspaper is ready. » What arrives you it if information such as the brutal death of Alain Juppe occurs ? It is possible to rock it of continuation on the site ? « Without going until there, it is possible at the time of a sudden news to immediately found it on the site and therefore somebody remains all the day in order to follow the news of AFP. » Is there more information on the printed newspaper or that of Internet ? « On the topicality, there is less of information on the electronic version than on the version paper but one finds other information on the electronic version thanks to the headings which are designed exclusively to diversify information. The objective of the drafting of Western South is of complémentariser the written support. One should not in general find on Internet more details on the articles which are on paper but one must find there a summary and the possibility of processing other data which are not quoted on the version paper. It is not necessary that the numerical version encroaches on the version paper. » The electronic version is not likely T it not in the future to compete with the version paper ? « Not, because the will of the drafting is well to implement a complementarity of the two supports. Moreover the assistantship is sometimes different and it is thought that there are people, who lived on Bordeaux and who moved, which comes on our site, because it is easier access for them. Is what you know the number of visits that there is on your site and the difference with that of the paper medium ? « Yes, there are 100.000 visitors per month and one can say that the most attended hours are between 9 and 10h00 Monday at Friday. The number of readers for the newspaper industry is marked on the site and accounts for 1.031.800 000. » That is it interactivity with your readers ? « One answers approximately 40 malls per days that one receives our readers » You sometimes happens T it to put audio and video elements in your site ? « Yes that arrives to us, but I must say that it is rather rare. » Have in your contract a special remuneration for your royalties ? « Yes. There is a lump sum as well as a percentage on the sales of the files but I must say that the sale of these files is not very lucrative because of a very weak rate of sale. » What happenhappens profitability of the site of press ? « I am not well-informed very, but in any case it is sure that this site is not made to earn money but primarily to spend about it the least possible. It is used as product of call and of complementarisation to the version paper and is not for the moment in a policy of money profit. » 1.3 Analyze maintenance in connection with the assumptions This maintenance proceeded very well and Mr Saler was very co-operative. He comes out from it from this maintenance an adequacy with the theory evoked previously to check our assumptions. It is clear that the numerical version of Western South seems to come complémentariser the version paper. The fact also, to have with its responsibility of create new information which is not in the version paper, also makes him a multi-media journalist with clean creations. On the other hand the aspect of the classification of the data of the printed newspaper of the day seems to occupy an important place. When with profitability, one feels well that the audience is not yet enough high to speak about large benefit but South-western rather tends towards a philosophy to lose some the least possible. The group preferred miser on other sites, which are more with commercial vocation and to preserve Sudouest.com in order to represent the image of the daily newspaper. In spite of the other sites, the Multimédia part does not seem to be very carrying. It is already enough to see it by graphics Ci below of the proportion of the sales turnover even if it is in 2000 and that the multi-media one evolves/moves quickly. 76(*)
The multi-media category does not include/understand only Southern Ouest.com but also the whole of the sites of the Western Southern group. 2. Inquire into the regional daily press 2.1 Methodology of the investigation The purpose of this investigation is to analyze the behaviors and the attitudes of the population of the South Basin to go to seek their regional information. The questions treat primarily Internet and newspaper industry like media of regional information. The purpose of it is also to sit or contradict the theories which one saw before while transposing it of the state of the general press to a practical analysis of the regional press. We took a sample of 150 people to treat this investigation. These people were questioned in a random way in three communes to know Gujan-Mestras, Tests it of Buch and Arcachon. After having designed the questionnaire, I made a test near ten employees of the town hall of Arcachon without their asking me even the questions. The return of this investigation did not appear a success to me. Indeed, the press on Internet is not very known and people seemed not really not to include/understand the put questions and not to answer objectively. This questionnaire was thereafter this slightly modified test but especially the decision to manage this questionnaire in direct relation seemed to me obligatory. By managing this questionnaire by direct relation, it was possible to return it more clearly when it was felt that the interlocutor butted. It was managed in a completely random way with share makes it take care not not to too much question people living of other areas. 2.2 Result 1. Have by an unspecified means access to Internet?
This first analysis gives us what to reflect. Indeed according to official figures' presented at the beginning of this memory which shows us a weak rate of access to Internet, one sees in these results that 60.6% of the questioned people state by an unspecified means to have access to Internet. It is true that this figure shows only the possibility of access and not the practice of Internet. To have access to these media included not inevitably regular practice of that Ci. Moreover, the possibility of accesses does not include that it is in the residence as shows it the answers of the following question. 2. At which place do have you access to Internet?
The residence is the first place which makes it possible to have access to Internet but one can note all the same that the place of work is answered has 30.67%. When with the answer « others » which is quoted all the same to 7%, it is observed that a certain number of people have the possibility of going to knowledge to them to connect itself if need be. 3. Is Internet it a means for you of reaching regional information?
31.3% of the population observed declares that Internet is a tool for them to reach regional Information. That is equivalent saying that approximately half of the people who have access to Internet is used for about it to have regional information. There is also the other half for which it is not an access to regional information. Let us see which are the reasons thanks to the question four77(*) :
It was gathered in six topics the observations of the population observed. The reason first, quoted by the population which declares that Internet is not an access to regional information, comes from a use for personal or professional research. In the second place they state not to be interested by the search for this information. There are also those, which say to pass by other media to have this information, and others which say not to think of going to seek it when they are connected. One does not feel in these observations that it is a technical problem which slows down them but quite simply a will not to want to go to seek it. Let us see now by which sites those pass which declare that Internet gives access to them regional information. 5. By which sites do pass you to reach this regional information?
One can notice a strong quotation of the observation « others » with 18%. In this concept of « others » comprised primarily the information provided by the gates of the suppliers of access, such as wanadoo, which is used as regional information provider. Indeed a Net surfer with the possibility of having this information on his page of starting of Internet thus it will have more easily access. Thereafter with 11.33%, the site more declared is that of a regional daily newspaper of the traditional newspaper industry. It strongly dissociates daily newspaper only designed for the Net or of the cityguides. Let us change a little direction to make a comparison of the various media which offer regional information. 6. Preferably classify by order these media of regional information
There are thus here 69,33% of the population observed, which did not answer has this question owing to the fact that they do not use Internet to have access to regional information. Then, 15,33% on the 30.67% remainders declare that television is their favorite media to reach regional information. 9.33% for the traditional press and 5.33% for the radio. There is not that 0.67% are only one person who declares that Internet is its favorite media to have access to regional information. This reinforces although the newspaper industry still has beautiful days in front of it. 7. Which are the advantages for you which offers the regional daily press on Internet?
The advantage which was quoted the most seems to be the possibility of sailing between several sites of information. The second advantage is to have more information, this advantage is more or less dependant with the first and shows by these observations that the wealth of information on Internet is a considerable asset with the eyes of the population. To also note the exemption from payment which reaches 10%. 8. Disadvantages?
The first quoted disadvantage is the slowness of the opening of the Web pages. This disadvantage is likely in the future to grow blurred, thanks to the high flow which is settling more and more in all our cities. The second disadvantage is that Internet would not be comfortable, it is true that the reading with the screen is more tiring than that of a newspaper. 9. Summers you subscribed (E) or would be you suitable for subscribe you with a regional daily press on Internet?
On 31.3% of the population observed which answered has this question, there are 24.6% of them which states not to be suitable for subscribe. We thus have just observed the part of the population which has access to Internet and which reaches by this media regional Information. Now let us see those which do not have access to Internet. 10. Do you have for project to equip you in order to have access to Internet?
Quantify striking, there is 18% out of 39.33% of the population observed, not having access to Internet, which does not have at all a project in the future to reach it. This figure comes on the one hand from those which are against this tool but also of a large part of the old population which feels exceeded by this tool. There is all the same approximately 13% which has a medium-term project. 11. For which reasons wish to have access to Internet to you?
The reason to find topicality on the sites of press reaches the 11.76%. It is a percentage which is not negligible and which is placed at the top of that of the electronic trade. Now let us see the behavior of the population vis-a-vis the traditional regional newspaper industry. 12. Regularly read a regional or local daily press written?
The population observed was almost divided into three. One could almost say that a third of the population reads the every day a daily newspaper, another third 2 to 4 times per week and the last third does not read a daily newspaper at all. 13. Does this information seem to you you it to be complete?
42% of the population which reads a daily newspaper find it complete. On the other hand, 24.6% do not find it complete and it is thus this part of the population which can be potentially reader of press on Internet. The answers of the question 1478(*) answer two questions : In a first place, they question the reasons of the population which does not read a written daily newspaper and the reasons of those which think that it is not complete. Let us see initially the reasons of those which do not read the daily newspapers. It thus was gathered in seven topics the quoted answers.
Reason first D `nona reading of the regional newspaper industry comes according to declarations' from a lack from interest for that Ci. In second position the possibility appears of finding this information by the media of television. One can note that television is a media which is quoted to 27.2%, the radio with 4.5% whereas Internet is not quoted that at 1.5% is a person. Now let us see the reasons which declare that the regional press is not complete. The answers were gathered in five topics.
It thus appears clearly that the first reason is a lack of contents. This can be an advantage in favor of the press on Internet in order to complémentariser as one saw before. It should be also noted that 33.3% of the population which declares that the regional press is not complete think that the newspapers are not objective. It is a worrying figure for L `image of the press. The continuation of the results on questions 15,16,17,18,19 are analyzed in appendix79(*) because they are used primarily as data to find correlations between the answers. One thus now will try to analyze the correlations of the answers thanks to the system of the cross sorting. First of all, we will try to analyze if this investigation reinforces the theory which the media of Internet are primarily used by a rather young population.
Between 10 and 25 years, there are 15 people out of 16 who have access to Internet. Between 26 and 35 years, there are 38 people out of 55 who have access to Internet. In these age brackets, one observes that there are more people who have access to Internet compared to those which do not have access there. Afterwards in sections 36-45 and 46-60, one observes that there are as many people who have access there than people who do not have access there. On the other hand in the section 61 et+, one observes that there are only 6 people out of 17 who have access to Internet. There is thus more access to Internet when the population is young. The more the age increases and the less it with the possibility of access to Internet. After having compared the age compared to the access, we will compare the socio-professional category with the possibility of access.
There is no difference in proportion of access to Internet between the category « employee » and that of « tally ». Indeed there are 46 employees out of 73 who have access to Internet either 63% and 19 frameworks out of 31 or 61%. On the other hand the category which is outstanding is that of the students to knowing that there is in this population observed 11 students out of 11 is 100% which have access to Internet. We now will try to see whether there is a bond between the people, who think that information is not complete on the written regional daily press, and those, whom have access to regional information on Internet
One can thus observe that there are 9 people who declare that information on the press is not complete and who have access to regional information by Internet. In lower part there are 11 people who declare that information is not complete and who do not have access to regional information on Internet. One cannot, according to this analysis, statement which the people, who find the regional press incomplete, have tendency to go to seek it on Internet. Another correlation possible to analyze. The purpose of it is to analyze the age according to the people who go on the sites of a daily newspaper of the traditional newspaper industry.
One can thus realize in this analysis that category 26-35 years has much more tendency that the other categories of age to going on the sites of a regional daily newspaper of the traditional newspaper industry. There are indeed 11 people out of 17 who go on a site of regional press which has between 26 and 35 years. That confirms well that the assistantship is younger on Internet than for the traditional newspaper industry. 2.3 Analyze investigation in connection with the assumptions Like it was known as before in this memory, the purpose of this investigation is to give an outline of the behaviors and attitudes of a population to reach its regional information. Nevertheless, the purpose of it was also to look at if this investigation practices were in adequacy with our theoretical research to check these assumptions. - With regard to the assumption where it was seen that the press on Internet was complementary to that on paper medium and noncompeting : It was seen by certain figures, at the beginning of memory, that the population had a weak rate of access to Internet. By this investigation, it was analyzed, with surprise, that there was all the same approximately 60% of the population observed which said to have access to Internet. It is necessary all the same to relativize by the fact that to have access does not include a regular practice. It is also necessary to learn has to relativize the results of an investigation which can have a probability of error on the representativeness. It was also seen in our theoretical part that the press on Internet had the possibility of complémentariser information on paper medium while bringing other elements there on Internet. Two points to be underlined in this investigation : A first point which shows that 19 people out of 98 readers of regional press written think that this information is not exhaustive what can be in favor with this possible complementarity. A second point which shows that the population observed thinking that information on the written daily newspapers is not complete (by including all the reasons) does not tend to have more access to regional information on Internet. In this theory was explained, thereafter, which the press on Internet could touch an assistantship younger than it cannot by the paper medium. One saw in this investigation that a strong majority of the people which looked at sites of regional press was indeed in a young section. - With regard to the assumption or profitability seemed difficult for the press on Internet : The study shows us that 17 questioned people out of 150 pass by a site of press on Internet to go to seek regional information. It is a honourable figure but which remains an audience weak and thus not easily carrying profitability. In the same order, there is only one person who states Internet like the ideal media to reach regional information. It is shown in the theoretical part that the press on Internet tends to go towards contents which will be of with dimensions free and from another with dimensions paying. Our investigation shows us that 37 people out of 47 are not suitable for subscribe with a regional press. It is thus not a total refusal but the figures are strongly in favor for nonthe payment on Internet of the press. - With regard to the assumption on the credibility of journalism on Internet. It is shown indeed that information on Internet dimensioned which goes the décrédibiliser and others which will enable him to make it credible. The investigation puts just ahead which the stake is serious because there are 33.3% of the population declaring that the press is not complete which thinks that it is owing to the fact that it is not objective. - With regard to cyber-journalism like a new trade. The fact that the investigation shows us that meadows of 23% of the population observed find that one of the assets of the regional press on Internet is to be able to sail between several sites of information tends towards a new writing or the organization of the bonds must clear and be well ordered. There is a point important to underline in this investigation, that it is on the level of the administration of this investigation or these results, one feels well that a majority of the population observed did not really integrate Internet in its process of information retrieval and in these regular activities. Internet is not yet really integrated in our company in spite of the social pressure which surrounds it. This point is to be put in parallel with the theoretical results of our assumption on Internet and its possible revolution. CONCLUSION THIRD PART These studies practice primarily well represented the theoretical research carried out in the two preceding parts. They showed well by the discussion with Frederic Saler, the concept of complementarity of the electronic press. This maintenance as made it possible to see as Sudouest.com does not escape the lack from profitability of the press on Internet. The investigation achieved the role to give us an outline of the behaviors and attitudes of the population of the South Basin and one withdraws some that the press on Internet is the media less used to go to seek this information. It also by the analysis of the behaviors of a population, succeeded in on certain points illustrating theoretical research carried out beforehand. Other tracks to be explored : It is difficult to precisely evaluate the nearest evolution of Internet. At all events and from the propaganda and the social pressure which turn around this tool, one can affirm that its use will progress in the next years. There are also new techniques which are gradually setting up itself and which is likely to facilitate and to return more functional Internet. One saw in our investigation that the slowness of the opening of the Web pages is a major disadvantage quoted by the population observed. It is well also smelled that the newspapers do not place too much of video in their topicality since the time of remote loading of a video is a brake with that Ci. Currently a new technique is set up which will decrease considerably the slowness of opening of the Web pages. This technique is called « high flow » which is carried out that is to say by a system « of ADSL » is by a cabled network. This technology installation in the large cities and certain average cities will multiply by ten the speed of Internet. It is a system which can help to develop Internet and to make more pleasant navigation on the Net. From this fact, it will help the electronic press indirectly, by partly removing the disadvantage of the slowness of the opening of the Web pages. It was also seen that the reading with the screen of computer did not seem very comfortable and slower. It was also question in this memory of a weak rate of equipment out of computer in the hearths compared with the equipment of the television sets. It would seem that a new technique is setting up itself and who would give access Internet from his television set. The user would be provided with an infra-red keyboard and could from his television set reach the mother of all networks. One does not know too where is the evolution of this technique, that not made a few years that one speaks about it, but nothing is marketed for the moment, there is thus a problem whose reason is unknown. Nevertheless, if this product had suddenly developed, one could wonder about the impact which it would have in the use of Internet by the population. There would not need more a computer to connect itself and the population is already equipped to approximately 90% with television sets. Comfort will certainly not be that of a printed newspaper but the population is already accustomed to frequently looking at this screen. Moreover one television screen is generally larger and returns less luminosity. This tool assimilated with the high flow can enable us to wonder about the future. Another point, one saw in our theory and in the investigation which the media of Internet touched a rather young population and which more the age increased and more the use decreased. The old people often smell themselves forsaken by this tool, they say being too old for that and which they will not be able to include/understand the use even if they tested. They put only the with dimensions one and say that it is a tool for the young people. How much little children left to seek the information for which need had their large parents who are victims of the i-electronism. In all the cases, a good part of our new generation learns, it, to use Internet. Thus although it ages, it is possible, knowing to make use of it, that it perdure this use. To with dimensions rising generation will follow and learn. One could then be in a population where the technophobie old people would have decreased considerably. This point can be an asset for the number of users of Internet and the electronic press. There is also a completely different point which would be interesting to treat concerning the characteristics of the press on Internet. Internet is a media which makes it possible to give information to a world scale gold , one realizes that each country has its own rules concerning the freedom of the press. The press on Internet is likely to make pass from information which would be prohibited to be revealed in certain countries. How the law applies you it in these cases ? If French gives information in a site conceived in France on the intrigues of the American government. Which law will apply ? This is that of France on the freedom of the press ? or that of the United States, which seems a little more to censure ? Internet is for that a formidable asset of freedom of expression which can traverse the world and deviate certain laws of the information of each country. That can also be a danger if there is an abuse this capacity of expression which characterizes the mother of all networks. GENERAL CONCLUSION The problems of this memory are : E-press : Press in danger or further information ? Internet offers, indeed from its characteristics and its assets, of the considerable means to the press to diversify. Only, that does not do all and presses it on Internet currently suffers from a considerable problem of audience which harms its profitability and thus indirectly its development. If the audience and the interest of the population had suddenly developed then one would attend a beautiful complementarity between the two supports. Currently the other media such as the radio, television and the newspaper industry are very well inserted in the population to give journalistic topicality. In spite of the richness which Internet offers, it remains, all the same, a new media with a weak use. the slowness of the opening of the Web pages, the tiring reading has the screen, the difficulties of access to Internet are considerable obstacles in spite of the assets and the principle of exemption from payment of this new media. It is difficult to envisage the evolution which Internet in the future will have. It is not known too much if it will evolve/move more and more quickly or then to have a constant evolution. In all the cases, the richness of this media and the propaganda which follows it, will still involve an evolution and once the access will be increasingly available and that the systems of high flows will be common, then the interest of the population goes can be in majority to turn to this new media without of course erasing the others. The day when it will be the case, it appears probable that electronic journalistic information with strong added value will not be available any more free. From this point of view, the press on Internet will have truly the means of developing and then it will become a further information even richer for our population. BIBLIOGRAPHY Works : - Breton Philippe ; « The worship of the Internet », Editions the discovery ; 2000. - Domenica Wolton ; « Internet and afterwards ? » ; Flammarion editions ; 2001. - Charles Laubier ; « The press on Internet » Editions Which I know ? ; 2000. - Serge Guerin ; « Cyberpress » ; Hermès editions, 1996 - Books of journalism n°5 ; « Journalism and new technologies » ; 1998. - « Local newspaper and data-processing networks » ; Denis Ruellan and Daniel Thierry ; 1998 Memory : - Bruno Risgallah ; « The legal statute of the press on Internet » ; D.E.S.S. Author's copyright and artistic right of communication to the University Bordeaux 4. Numerical works : - Charles Laubier ; « The press online in Europe » ; 1999 ; www.scd.univ-tours.fr/epress/sommaire.html. File numerical : - Laurent Geslin and Olivier Tillered ; « The local press on Internet » ; IUT of journalism ; 2000 ; http://mapage.noos.fr/lgeslin/pqr/pg/index.htm - Stephan Arteta ; « Foul weather for the press on line » ; New observer ; 2002 ; http://www.nouvelobs.com/articles/p1946/a11757.html. - « Key figures and topicality media » ; Newspaper of the Net ; 2002 ; http://www.journaldunet.com - « Cybermetry » ; key figures of Internet by Mediametrie ; http://www.mediametrie.com - « Key figures of Internet » ; nielsen-netratings ; www.nielsen-netratings.com - « Key figures of the media » ; Media pocket ; 2001-2002 ; http://www.media-poche.com/home.htm - « Kiosk of press on line » ; Proxiland ; 2002 ; http://www.proxiland.com/France/Media/presse/presse.asp. - « Keys of the room, not « Net » the press ? » ; Charles de Laubier ; 2002 ; http://www.tocsin.net/dossier/3_local/index.htm. - « Group South-western » ; Multi-media Atlantel ; http://www.gso.enfrance.com/page1.html - « Journalism and media » ; Frenchlog ; 2002 ; http://www.frenchlog.org/. - « Clipboard, press on line: which statute? » ; Text prepared at the time of the 22nd summer school of the Communication ; August 2001 ; http://www.ddm.gouv.fr/presse_ecrite/dossiers_thematiques/pressecrlign.html. - « Suppression of the declaration preliminary of the Web sites to the public prosecutor » ; Legalnet ; http://www.legalis.net/legalnet/. - Master Thibault Verbiest ; « the
electronic press : which legal framework ? » ;
www.juriscom.net - Marc Laimé ; « Newspapers vis-a-vis the competition of Internet » ; The diplomatic world ; 1999 ; www.monde-diplomatique.fr. - Francoise Quaire ; « The electronic press with the daily newspaper » ; 2000 ; www.adbs.fr. - John Kohut ; « Technology and freedoms » ; Mail of UNESCO ; 2000 ; www. unesco.org.fr. - « Journalism and Internet : daily newspapers with the challenge of journalism on line » ; Research tasks of the Institute of political studies of Paris ; 1999 ; www. multimania.com/elisecolette/accueil.htm. - Pascal Fort ; « Which deontology for information on line? » ; 2001 ; http://www.minirezo.net/article506.html. - Pascal Fort ; « Journalism on line with the risk of the money » ; 2000 ; http://www.minirezo.net/article193.html. - A. Agostini ; « Journalism with the challenge of Internet » ; The diplomatic World ; 1997 ; http://www.mondediplomatique.fr/1997/10/AGOSTINI/9299.html. - « Journalism and the press per hour of Internet » ; Jlist (various studies on journalism on Internet) ; http://www.jliste.net/. - « The charter of electronic publishings « ; Release ; http://www.liberation.fr/licence/charte.html. - « Affaire Lang counters Voltaire », extracted the report/ratio of the public prosecutor of Paris on January 15, 2001 ; www.reseauvoltaire.net/actu/proces/appel-procureur.htm. - Lionel Thoumyre ; « Legal tribulations of the press on Internet » ; Juriscom.net ; 2000 ; http://www.juriscom.net/int/dpt/dpt21.htm. - « Schedule business DNA » ; Juriscom.net ; 1998 ; http://www.juriscom.net/txt/jurisfr/da/tgistrasbourg19980204.htm. - « Judgment of the company Barber » ; juriscom.net ; 1999 ; http://www.juriscom.net/txt/jurisfr/da/tgiparis19990414.htm. - «Law n°86-1067 of September 30, 1986 on the law relating to the freedom of communication » ; légifrance ; http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/texteconsolide/PCEAJ.htm. - « Conditions of attributions of the chart of journalist by the Commission of the indentity card of the professional journalists »; www.ccijp.org Sites of local daily newspapers : http://www.sudouest.com/; http://www.charente.com/; http://www.france-ouest.com/; http://www.alsapresse.com/; http://www.bretagne-online.com/; http://www.corsematin.com/; http://www.courrierdemantes.com/; http://www.ledauphinelibere.com/; http://www.ladepeche.com/; http://www.dna.fr/; http://www.estrepublicain.fr/; http://www.le-journal-de-saone-et-loire.fr/; http://www.lozere-nouvelle.com/; http://www.midilibre.com/; http://www.nrpyrenees.com/; http://www.leprogres.fr/; http://www.laprovence-presse.fr/; http://www.republicain-lorrain.fr/; http://www.lavoixdunord.fr/; Sites of daily newspapers general practitioners : http://www.lefigaro.fr/; http://www.liberation.fr/; http://www.lemonde.fr/; http://www.leparisien.fr/; http://www.humanite.presse.fr/journal/jour.html; Economic sites of daily newspapers : http://www.lesechos.fr/; http://www.latribune.fr/; http://www.agefi.fr/; http://www.journaldesfinances.com/;
15.Quelle area do you live?
As wished, a very strong majority of the population lives in Aquitaine. 16. Always lived this area ?
60.6% always states to have lived this area against 39.3%. 17. In which age bracket are located you?
The most questioned people have between 26 and 35 years. 18. You are sex?
A questioned majority is against male sex with 60% 40% of female. 19. Of which socio-professional category are you?
A majority of employees was questioned. * 65 http://www.gso.enfrance.com/page1.html; site carried out by multi-media Atlantel which presents the Western Southern group * 66 http://www.gso.enfrance.com/page1.html; site carried out by multi-media Atlantel which presents the Western Southern group * 67 http://www.sudouest.com/210902/decouvrir.asp * 68 http://www.sudouest.com/ * 69 Cities in Laurent Geslin and Olivier Tillered ; « The local press on Internet » ; IUT of journalism ; 2000. http://mapage.noos.fr/lgeslin/pqr/pg/index.htm * 70 http://www.france-ouest.com/ * 71 http://www.maville.com/ * 72 http://www.bretagne-online.com/telegram/index.html * 73 http://www.republicain-lorrain.fr/ * 74 http://www.vivalaville.com/ * 75 http://www.viapolis.com * 76 http://www.gso.enfrance.com/; site carried out by multi-media Atlantel which presents the Western Southern group. * 77 Even questionnaire in Appendix 1 * 78 See questionnaire in Appendix 1 * 79 Even appendix 2 |
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
