ABSTRACT
Companies in their diversity are the economy pillar. To carry
out their mission, they must have necessary resources for their growth. Some of
these resources come from the external environment, the banking market.
Bank credit is a financial contract that connects a lender
(bank) with an excess of liquidity and a borrower (client) with a deficit of
liquidity, this funding can be done directly or indirectly. The notion of
information in this process is crucial. The funding is done respecting banking
criteria and specific conditions.
These criteria Ignorance led to this question "What are the
essential criteria for the granting of bank credits in the specific case of
banks located in Abidjan in Côte d'Ivoire."
After the presentation of the theoretical framework for this
approach and the types of loans granted by banks in Abidjan, the application of
this theoretical framework to the practice helped to show the main criteria
used by banks but also the weaknesses of agent capital requirements.
Indeed, the principle of asymmetry of information held
customers to benefit from certain advantages but also the bank to limit
inconveniences by seeking more information, by checking documents provided and
by controlling the execution of contracts.
The banker, by making liquidity funds available to the client,
must remove the maximum potential risks. Cautious and suspicious to the extreme
as always haunted by the psychosis of 1980 year bankruptcy that saw the
collapse of many state financial institutions on the continent, banks are
reluctant to trust SMEs and SMIs and small people of the society, sacrificed on
the altar of the lack of guarantee and the fear of insolvency. To minimize
risk, the bankers proceed through financial intermediation. Financial
intermediaries assume the credit risk and manage it through the Risk
Management.
Bank lending financial data are relevant to a study on the
past, the present and the future about the company. Thus any study of credit
made ??following the analysis plan so defined must result in an objective
conclusion that includes:
· the opportunity for the bank to invest in the
sector ;
· the interest in the relationship with its solvency,
its morality and its potential;
· actual credit needs ;
· Guarantees to confide in return for assistance
sought and the need for effective guarantees for operating loans and
medium-term loans;
· that the proposed safeguards are robust and largely
cover the amount of the contribution .
These obstacles, lead most of the time to the exclusion of SME
or low incomes people. This situation constitutes an obstacle against the fight
against poverty. These entities rely on microcredit institutions with varying
success. The crossing of these barriers by SMEs / SMIs could be done
through:
· training seminars on various essential documents to
obtain credit;
· easing the cost of credit;
· reducing the processing time for loan
applications;
· easing of guarantees required by the bank;
· having a clean accounting, updated and constantly
controlled by an accountant.
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