à‰tude des déterminants des maladies hydriques chez les enfants de 0 a 5 ans. Cas de la zone de santé de Selembao.

SUMMARY

The increasing prevalence and the incidence of the hydrous diseases will cause a stressing of the dependence and an increasing cost of the care for the patients and their families, if efforts of public health service aiming at preventing these pathologies are not met. In fact, we put ourselves the questions to know:

- Which are the determinants of the hydrous diseases in the children of the age between 0 and 5 years in the zone of health of selembao?

- Does q relation exist between the determinants of the diseases of hydrous origin and the socio-demographic profile of surveyed?

Thus, we formulated that assumptions according to which:

- The determinants of the hydrous disease in the children's of 0 - 5 years would be related to the socio-economic

- The determinants of the hydrous diseases in a children's of 0 - 5 years would be related to the socio-economic, socio-cultural, political, environmental and socio-demographic conditions;

- There would be a relation between the socio-demographic characteristics of surveyed and the determinants of the diseases of hydrous origin

The objectives of this research are stated as follows:

- To describe the socio-demographic characteristic of surveyed

- To identify the determinants of the hydrous diseases in the children of 0 - 5 years

- Target the most current pathologies of hydrous origin which the children of 0 - 5 years

The methodology exploited in this study is that of investigation and the techniques of interview, observation and documentary where used with the assistance of a survey.

The population of our study is consisted of the parents of the children from 0 - 5 years, from which, we collected information of the determinants of the hydrous diseases.

The sampling of our research is not a probabilistic of reasoned choice type and its size has about 200 parents

Our research led to these resultants: the highest proportions by age brackets of surveyed range between 20 - 30 years or 46, 5%. The level of study's dominated by 58,5 % of our subjects which have done secondary school. The majority of surveyed are housewives, 41,5%. The kind of water that the parents give to their children, 42,5 in percentage, followed by the water of bottle (39,5%) is happens unfortunately, that the parents slacken themselves in their effort to persevere in the prevention of the hydrous diseases, because they find tiresome to resort to certain means of water treatments for purpose of making drinking water so that they exist of consumption is non pathogenic.

TABLE DES MATIERES

DEDICACE 2

REMERCIEMENTS II

LISTE DES TABLEAUX III

LISTE DES ABREVIATION,SIGLES ET SYMBOLES V

RESUME VI

SUMMARY VII

TABLE DES MATIERES VIII

0. INTRODUCTION 1

0.1. PROBLÉMATIQUE 1

0.2. QUESTIONS DE RECHERCHE 1

0.3. HYPOTHÈSES 2

0.4. BUT ET OBJECTIFS 2

0.5. INTÉRÊT DU SUJET DE L'ÉTUDE 2

0.6. DÉLIMITATION SPATIALE ET TEMPORELLE DE L'ÉTUDE 3

0.7. TYPE ET DOMAINE DE RECHERCHE 3

0.8. STRUCTURE DU TRAVAIL 3

CHAPITRE I. REVUE DE LA LITTERATURE 4

I.1. DEFINITION DES CONCEPTS 4

I.1.1. ETUDE 4

I.1.2. DÉTERMINANT 4

I.1.3. MALADIE 4

I.1.4. MALADIES HYDRIQUES 4

I.1.4. ENFANTS 4

I.1.5. EAU POTABLE 4

I.1.6. EAU POLLUÉE OU SOUILLÉE 5

I.2. GENERALITES SUR LES MALADIES HYDRIQUES 5

I.2.1. DÉFINITION 5

I.2.2. TYPOLOGIES DES MALADIES HYDRIQUES 5

I.2.3. MICRO-ORGANISMES RESPONSABLES DES MALADIES HYDRIQUES 6

I.2.3.1. LES VIRUS 6

I.2.3.2. BACTÉRIES 6

I.2.3.4. ASPERGILLUS FUMIGATUS 8

I.2.3.5. PROTOZOAIRES 8

I.2.3.6. VERS ET oeUFS PARASITES 8

I.2.4. RÉPERCUSSIONS SOCIO-ÉCONOMIQUES DES MALADIES HYDRIQUES 9

I.2.5.LES EAUX EN CAUSE 9

I.2.6. EPIDÉMIOLOGIE DES MALADIES HYDRIQUES 10

I.2.7. NORMES SUR L'EAU POTABLE 11

I.2.8. QUALITÉ DE L'EAU 11

I.2.9. LES DÉTERMINANTS DES MALADIES D'ORIGINE HYDRIQUE 12

I.3. ETUDES ANTÉRIEURES SUR LES DÉTERMINANTS DES MALADIES HYDRIQUES 13

I.3.1. ETUDE DE NTEMBUE MUAMBI (2013) 13

I.3.2. ETUDE DE TUBAYA BULELE(2007) 14

I.3.3. ETUDE DE LUKANGA MATOKA (2012) 15

I.4. CADRE DE REFERENCE THEORIQUE 16

I.5. SCHÉMA CONCEPTUEL DE DÉTERMINANTS DES MALADIES HYDRIQUE 17

CHAPITRE II : APPROCHE METHODOLOGIQUE 18

II.1. PRESENTATION DU MILIEU D'ETUDE 18

II.1.1. CADRE GÉOGRAPHIQUE DE LA ZS DE SELEMBAO 18

II.1.2. ESQUISSE HISTORIQUE 19

II.1.3. MISSION DE LA ZONE DE SANTÉ 19

II.1.4. STRUCTURE ET FONCTIONNEMENT DE LA ZONE DE SANTÉ DE SELEMBAO 19

II.1.5. LES STRUCTURES SANITAIRES ET ANALYSE STATISTIQUE DU PERSONNEL DE LA ZONE DE SANTÉ DE SELEMBAO EN 2015 20

II.1.6. RÉPARTITION DES AIRES DE SANTÉ DE LA ZS DE SELEMBAO ET SA POPULATION EN 2015 20

II.2. METHODOLOGIE DE L'ETUDE 20

II.2.1. MÉTHODE 21

II.2.2. DEVIS DE RECHERCHE 21

II.2.3. TECHNIQUES 21

II.2.3.1. TECHNIQUE DOCUMENTAIRE 21

II.2.3.2. TECHNIQUE D'OBSERVATION 21

II.2.3.3. INTERVIEW 22

II.2.3.4. QUESTIONNAIRE D'ENQUÊTE 22

II.2.3.5. VALIDITÉ DE L'INSTRUMENT 22

II.2.3.6. FIDÉLITÉ DE L'INSTRUMENT 22

II.2.4. POPULATION ET ÉCHANTILLONNAGE 23

II.2.4.1. POPULATION CIBLE 23

II.2.4.2. ECHANTILLONNAGE 23

II.2.4.3. CRITÈRES D'ADMISSIBILITÉ 23

II.2.4.4. DÉROULEMENT DE LA COLLECTE DES DONNÉES 23

II.2.4.5. DÉMARCHE PRÉLIMINAIRE 24

II.2.4.6. PRÉ-ENQUÊTE ET CONNAISSANCE DU TERRAIN 24

II.2.4.7. ENQUÊTE PROPREMENT DITE 24

II.2.4.8. PLAN DE TRAITEMENT ET D'ANALYSE DES DONNÉES 24

II.2.4.9. CRITÈRE D'ACCEPTABILITÉ DES RÉSULTATS 25

II.2.5. CONSIDÉRATIONS D'ORDRE ÉTHIQUE 25

II.3. DIFFICULTÉS RENCONTRÉES 25

CHAPITRE III : RESULTATS ET DISCUSSION 26

III.1. ANALYSE DESCRIPTIVE MONOVARIEE 26

III.1.2. DESCRIPTION DES CARACTÉRISTIQUES SOCIODÉMOGRAPHIQUES DES ENQUÊTÉS 26

III.2. ANALYSE STATISTIQUE BI VARIEE 35

II.2. DISCUSSION DES RESULTATS 43

CONCLUSION 46

RECOMMANDATIONS 47

BIBLIOGRAPHIE 48