ABSTRACT
Daniellia oliveri is a multi-purpose species, endemic
in the Southern Sahara of Africa. It is widespread in the savanna areas and the
fallow lands of SudanoGuinean zone. The study of D. Oliveri concerned
the level of knowledge and the uses of the parts of the species to assess the
contribution of anthropogenic activities on its survival through the following
objectives: (i) An assessment of the ethnobotanical knowledge of the local
people on D. Oliveri; (ii) The characteristics and structures of the
D. Oliveri in the rural landscape and in protected forests of Benin;
(iii) An assessment of the reproduction technics of D. Oliveri on
different types of soil in Benin; (iv) A comparative evaluation of the impact
of anthropogenic activities (weeding, wildfire) on shoot development of D.
oliveri with respect to soil types; (v) the evalution of economic benefits
from shoot exploitation. In order to achieve these objectives, the method
consisted of: (i) quantitative and qualitative data collection on a sample of
about 1,200 individuals which belonged to 7 sociolinguistic groups e. g.
(Fon, Fulani, Bariba, Yoa, Nago, Goun, Berba). Sites investigated were
21 municipalities, where the presence of D. Oliveri was recognized;
(ii) data collection in phytosociology and dendrometric of the species from 85
temporary plots of 907 m2 in the protected forests and in rural
landscapes; (iii) Seed germination test, cutting for evaluating the ability of
the species, according to types of substrates (sandy, Clay, lateritic and
ferrallitic); (iv) to establish and collect periodic data (number of
individuals, height and diameter) in 16 permanent plots of 50 m2 on
each of the 4 types of soil with two treatments (weeding and bush burning) to
monitor the development of their shoots and their ability to produce marketable
firewood.
The results showed that: (i) Twenty uses of the species are
recognized by people subjected to investigation; (ii) The spatial distribution
of D. Oliveri extended from the southern of Benin to the northern
part; (iii) The uses were best known in the southern and central than the
northern part of Benin; (iv) The protected
ANALYSE DES IMPACTS ECOLOGIQUES ET SOCIOCULTURELS DE
L'EXPLOITATION DES PRODUITS DE DANIELLIA OLIVERI (ROLFE) HUTCH. &
DALZ.
SUR LA VIABILITE DE SES PEUPLEMENTS AU BENIN
forests and the rural landscapes were affected by
anthropogenic activities so that the diversity index of companion species of
D. Oliveri varied from 3.80 bits in the rural landscapes against 2.75
bits in the protected forests; (v) D. oliveri reproduced from seeds,
by cuttings of roots and did not require particular treatments; (vi) Treatment
of seeds by thermal shock gave the lowest germination rate, and seemed to
stimulate height growth of seedlings in early vegetation stage; (vii) The
development of shoots from was not linked soil types, but the treatment applied
to stands in three years should an increase the density by an average of 17,650
individuals/ha in weeded plots but 8,400 trees / ha in plots that experienced
annual wild-fires. Growth in height and diameter reached respectively 200-500
cm and 3.5-4 cm during the same period; (viii) After 3 to 4 years of monitoring
shoots the weeding treatment permitted to gain three times, the income from the
marketing young trees as firewood.
The studies have laid down the foundations of D.
Oliveri stand management and its sylviculture. The various uses
impacts of D. Oliveri suggest the urgency and necessity of the
implementation of appropriate management plans, for areas colonized by D.
Oliveri to protect the species.
Key words: Daniellia Oliveri,
ethnobotanic, reproduction, firewood, Benin
ANALYSE DES IMPACTS ECOLOGIQUES ET SOCIOCULTURELS DE
L'EXPLOITATION DES PRODUITS DE DANIELLIA OLIVERI (ROLFE) HUTCH. &
DALZ.
SUR LA VIABILITE DE SES PEUPLEMENTS AU BENIN
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