Les chambres régionales des comptes

III- THE FINANCIAL MAGISTRATE OF THE REGIONAL ROOM OF THE ACCOUNTS IN THE SYSTEM OF FRENCH REGULATION POLITICO-ADMINISTRATIVE

We thus find ourselves in a situation from now on a little better definite.

On a side, elected officials of the Nation finding themselves equipped with new competences, having from now on to cooperate in the majority of the cases with the services of the State to conclude the projects of infrastructures and regional plannings and continuing to be driving in the economic development their territories, to which a principle of responsibility is allotted, according to which the political projects, through the local public actions and which is seen confirming, a posteriori, accuracy of its actions undertaken. As for a company and its auditors, which certifies annually, results of the companies.

However, the political territories are not the places of markets like the others. The local political leaders, after technical adjustments accepted by the whole of the parts, are increasingly reticent. It is that, since ten years, the central authorities and the political powers the conditions of control of the public accounts tightened, in particular because of spectacular political scandals, which touched, without exception, the whole of the political spectrum of the Nation.

Publicity made around the letters of observation and spectacular development of the policies of evaluation made the elected officials territorial sourer in front of than they estimate to be, on the bottom, an interference of civils servant in their businesses of public men, appreciation surdéterminée by the characteristics of the organizations to which they deal, the invulnerability of which they enjoy and differences of behaviors from one room to another

The politico-financial scandals and the real will of the majority of the municipal officials to follow policies salubrious and free from negative repercussions do not make them forget that they do not have many means of retortions vis-a-vis magistrates who are often their only countervailing powers.

Under the eye of a center which probably takes care of not envenimer the reports/ratios of political forces, the involved parts, not having the possibility of influencing the rules enacted by the center (for multiple reasons), are devoted to permanent strategies of adjustment, taking into account the resources available. The elective dies, the regroupings of elected officials, associations of advisers or the trade unions of magistrates are as many means, geared down by the office plurality of the mandates or the superposition of the networks to position compared to the common stakes of the multiple local systems of action. Admittedly, there is fragmentation of the territories but there is also, and especially, a regrouping of the stakes which defines the current positions.

The use of the concepts of networks of public policies will be used to us as referents in order to elucidate the recent evolutions. The actors mobilize, each one with the ell of their own constraints, their own resources in order to weigh in the processes of coordination which created, in fragmented and moving environments, thus disturbing rational anticipations founded on specific systems of values.

COMPARATIVE STEP OF THE RECENT POLITICO-ADMINISTRATIVE EVOLUTIONS

[1) Various levels of the Public action : the European example

TYPES OF INTERVENTIONS	REGIONAL- ROOM	NATIONAL	EUROPEAN
MONETARY POLICY AND BUDGETARY	FINANCINGS OF PROXIMITY INTERDEPENDENT SAVING	BUDGET POLICY WITHIN A COORDINATED FRAMEWORK	COMMON MONETARY POLICY BUDGET POLICY COORDINATION TAX HARMONIZATION
SOCIAL RELATIONS, SOCIAL, EMPLOYMENT POLICY PROTECTION	ANIMATION BASIN OF EMPLOYMENT CREATION OF LOCAL PUBLIC JOBS	SOCIAL PROTECTION REGULATION OF THE CONTRACT OF EMPLOYMENT	COLLECTIVE AGREEMENTS SUPPORTING A REGULATION SALATIALE LAW THE LABOR EUROPEAN SOCIAL DIARY
STRUCTURAL POLICIES	LOCAL DEVELOPMENT LOCAL INFRASTRUCTURES OF NETWORK	DEFINITIONS OF THE BUDGETARY PRIORITIES REGIONAL PLANNING	STANDARDS, RESEARCH, COMMUNITY INFRASTRUCTURE, POLITQIUE COMMERCIAL AND OF COMPETITION (EUROPEAN PUBLIC UTILITY) STRUCTURAL FUNDS
MEDICAL POLICIES AND OF THE ENVIRONMENT	MANAGEMENT OF WATER COLLECT WASTE	MEDICAL STANDARDS OF PROCESSING WASTE POLICIES OF ENERGY SAVING	EUROPEAN MEDICAL STANDARDS MANAGEMENT OF INTERNATIONAL ENGAGEMENTS MANAGEMENT OF THE CONFLICTS

Thanks to this table, we can realize, in opened economy, at constant institutions, and from the European point of view, of the stakes related to the territorialisation^71(*).

The territories deal with the operational installation of the territory, except when they cannot it, in which case, as for the numerical grid, the State passes from engagements with private operators, and the local development.

They are also vector of economic and social development. If the role of the State tends to weaken, it is that this one strongly contributed to saw the branches on which it had sat. European construction , the market, universalization, the deregulation are as many phenomena come from « high ». From a monolithic-hierarchical State, we passed at one time during which the State has a pallet of varied tools allowing him, remotely, to control the fundamental economic ones and to guarantee social solidarity. Decentralization is not, strictly speaking a tool, especially if one considers the history of the French administration, but its current operating mode, with processes of partial or final dispossessions, takes part of this phenomenon.

In addition, with the existence of the Area tending to being a strong autonomous political unit, the room became an important pivot of the development. The control of the administrative and technocratic stakes thus remains strong since that it conditions to some extent the local political scene, itself stamps of a certain economic development, since the territories can be found in competition for the attribution of resources allowing the units economic to carry out discriminating choices. The example of the installation of Toyota with Valencians or a Mercedes Factory in the Area of Nancy [to manufacture the cars « Swatch »] is an illustration of these mechanisms.

* ⁷¹ See the article of P. Wales, «  Regulation, Governorship and Territory  », Metamorphoses of the Political Regulation, Under Dir. Of J. Commaille and B. Jobert, LGDJ, 1998.

The author evokes the fragmentation of the national companies and the progressive structuring of a political Space, but also the prospects for research in Eastern Europe.