Les chambres régionales des comptes

[3) Differentiated requests for adaptation

Thus, the budgetary control, allowing a legal monitoring of the adoption of the budget, is very well accepted because the mechanisms installed, in particular the possibilities of sasine, probably make it possible to solve problematic situations. In a general way, if they criticize the problems involved in the articulation of competences between the Prefects and the magistrates, they wish only positive improvements here, and even if they wish to create a legal pole of competence around the Prefect (that obviously, they prefer), they especially wish to be secured against « the legal insecurity », while creating, why not departmental agencies gathering the parts concerned.

A second group of reproaches can be distinguished concerning the asymmetry of treatment of the local communities, which are not the same ones from one room to another. Paid to their manpower, the senators have to even ask thereafter, and without success, an increase in the means.

Much more problematic is the case of the examination of management since a many elected officials complain some, have regard to the public character of the letters of final observations.

The magistrates would have thus evil to distinguish control from regularity (the term of reference) of the control of opportunity, to proscribe, since they suppose a value judgment on political projects.

However, and the elected officials underline it them-even, because of the variety of the legal situations, the absence of consensus on the perimeter of application of the concept of regularity, the magistrates can be brought to make assessments which do not take account of the local context.

Shovel-mix, the elected officials also reproach the absence of criteria common to the interventions of the rooms, a contradictory procedure limited, deprived in fine of possibility of recourse [not of acts making objection, not authority of call], and the absence of true concrete recommendations in order to solve the problems mentioned. As, the elected officials propose as the control of management evolves to true to that making it possible the community to be pressed on a genuine tool of decision-making aid.

They especially and are most probably irritated not to have any source of recourse in front of the capacities of examination of management held by the regional rooms of the accounts, whereas their foreign colleagues have even faculty to name the persons in charge for the public Audit.

[4) Depth of the networks of public action

Each actor thus holds his own logic, supported on his own resources.

In an environment hypercontraint, characterized by the impossibility of the actors of changing the fundamental legal provisions directly, how can they thus react. We here will support we on the networks of public action in order to have an approach differentiated from the activity of the State and « like descriptive tool of a fragmented State »^84(*).

From the analyzes formulated by Rhodos^85(*) and which relate to the analysis between the national center and the local peripheries to Great Britain and the model of Wilks and Wright^86(*), we wish to take again some of the postulates formulated by these authors in order to clarify the relations between the actors of the local system of action. Rhodos postulates in particular the dependence of the organizations with respect to the resources of other organizations, the necessary exchange of resources in the achievement of the objectives of the organization, the importance of a potential of relative capacity and a level meso which establishes the link between the macro one and the microphone.

Wilks and Wright laying the stress, in an industrial world, on the importance of the social networks and the fact that the communities of public policies and the networks of public policy become processes of connection allowing in a systemic way the information flow and integration of the problems.

Moreover, as Andy Smith underlines it^87(*), in France, the office plurality of the mandates makes it possible to return the networks of very powerful elected officials, for example, thanks to the relaunching of the Association of Presidents de General Conseils, but one could here also quote the Association of the Mayors of France or wonder about the place of the Parliament of the districts and communities of France, directed at the time of the hearings carried out by the Senate, by Marc Censi.

Without looking further into the subject, let us note that all these groupings are represented by men placed on the right of the political chess-board, but by absence of analysis and thus of data, we will abstain from referring in our analysis there.

How the coordination of the actors in^88(*) a system locked by the rules of the game is practiced then enacted by the center ?

Admittedly, the organization of the systems of interests is marked by the centralism and corporatism, but it by no means prevents the actors from taking part in the system of action in order to protect what they estimate to be their interests.

Gerald Lehmbruch^89(*), giving a progress report on the diversity of the analyzes relating to the organization of the administrative strategies, notes that certain authors underline the characteristic of the French case, marked by the centralism and corporatism. Thus, the problems of coordination within a sector has fine to solve problems or related to topics put on diary, would run up against the weight of the elites and the institutional structures.

For as much, and in spite of the recent evolution, which saw changing the relationship between being able and territories, and even if the public action is flexible, can one for being as much on its fragmented and dubious character^90(*) ?

In the table which follows and which try to model the possibilities of action in network of the various actors of the local system of action, we tried to highlight their possibilities of action.

* ⁸⁴ Under the direction of P. Scales and Mr. Thatcher,  Networks of public policies  : discusses around the policy networks, Logiques Policies, Harmattan, 1995.

* ⁸⁵ R.A.W. Rhodos,  Control and Power in Exchange-Room relations, 1981.

* ⁸⁶ Wilks, Wright, Comparative government-industry relations. Western Europe and the United States, 1987.

* ⁸⁷ Andy Smith, «  To reintroduce the question of the direction in the networks of public actions  ». Under the direction of P. Scales and Mr. Thatcher,  Networks of public policies  : discusses around the policy networks, Logiques Policies, Harmattan, 1995.

* ⁸⁸ B. Jouve, «  Networks and communities of public policies in action  ». The networks of public policies, discusses around the policy Networks, under dir it. Of P. Logical Wales and Mr. Thatcher, coll Policies, ED  . Harmattan, 1995.

* ⁸⁹ G. Lehmbruch, «  Organization of the company, strategies administrative and networks of public action  ». Under the direction of P. Scales and Mr. Thatcher,  Networks of public policies  : discusses around the policy networks, Logiques Policies, Harmattan, 1995.

* ⁹⁰ P. Duran, «Of the regulation crossed with the generalized interdependence. The bureaucracy has it a future  ?  », Group of Analysis of the Public Policies, ENS Cachan, course duplicated, 2000/2001.