ABSTRACT
In front of the unpublished advent of modern tools of
information and communication combining at once technologies bound to
telecommunications, to broadcasting and to computing, the way of communicating
with the everyday life of the individuals or the groups was completely upset.
Also, these modern tools of communication, in particular the mobile phone and
Internet, modified our way of dreading the geographical notions such as the
distance, the space, the estrangement, the nearness. Since the end of 1990s,
the field of the knowledge on the usage and the impact of information
technologies and the communication in the world of the migrants are in full
excitement in France. Our study joins in this dynamics and is interested in the
manners of the modern tools of communication within the Senegalese Diaspora in
France and on the role of these tools as factor of integration or as vector of
identical fold. This migration, as in all the countries where settled down a
strong Senegalese community (Italy, Spain, the United States, etc.), is
organized in networks of various types. In these relatively well structured
networks, the solidarity between the members is something fundamental in the
success of the migratory project, networks are thus in the heart, in the center
of all the migratory process. Networks are implied directly or indirectly in
flows and organization of the general conditions of the Senegalese migration
towards France and other poles of the Senegalese international migratory field.
Particularly dynamic throughout the migratory process, throughout the provision
of the financial resources allowing to finance the journey up to the job search
by way of the accommodation, networks offer to their members of the spaces of
exchanges, reciprocity, assistance and gifts. For all the actors of the
Senegalese migration in France, the need to communicate occupies a dominating
place in human relationships. It will thus be a question of showing the
dynamics of the practices of communication of the Senegalese migrants in
France, by emphasizing more particularly the modes of manners and the
mechanisms of appropriation of the mobile phone and Internet. Today, the use of
the telephone widely spread in the circles of the Senegalese migration in
France. So, the telephone became the tool privileged to communicate, inquire,
to establish relations of neighborhood even of nearness, to tie bonds of
friendship and professionals, and also especially to maintain and strengthen
the relations of long distance with the members of the family stayed in the
country of origin. On the other hand, if it is true that the migrants indeed
constitute the main part of the public which address the Web contents
broadcasted generally from the country of origin, it is also interesting to
note that they play an undeniable role in the emergence and the development of
the Senegalese Internet, through in particular the production of multiple Web
contents. Some of them show creativity, determination and professionalism to
put on-line Web sites with contents and quality services in the form of texts,
images and the other multimedia elements. This study aims at observing and at
analyzing the transformations in the reports which the Senegalese migrants in
France maintain at once with their territories of origin and residence, through
in particular the various manners and the forms of appropriation of the mobile
phone and Internet. Our central hypothesis rather emphasizes the manners of the
mobile phone and the Internet by the Senegalese migrants in France at once to
maintain an immediate and regular contact with the country of origin to
strengthen the remote links, but also as support of integration in the country
of residence.
Keywords: network, diaspora, migrant, TIC,
mobile telephony, Internet, country of origin, country of residence,
integration, identical fold, transfer of money, transfer of knowledge,
e-citizen, development.
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